Intro to Chemistry

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Electronegativity

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Intro to Chemistry

Definition

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons within a chemical bond. It is a dimensionless quantity usually assigned values on the Pauling scale.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity value of 3.98 on the Pauling scale.
  2. Electronegativity generally increases across a period from left to right in the periodic table.
  3. Electronegativity generally decreases down a group in the periodic table.
  4. Differences in electronegativity between two atoms can predict bond type: nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.
  5. A large difference in electronegativity between bonding atoms often results in an ionic bond.

Review Questions

  • What trend does electronegativity follow across a period and down a group in the periodic table?
  • How does electronegativity relate to bond polarity?
  • Which element has the highest electronegativity and why?
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