Dynamic equilibrium

Definition

Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse processes are equal, resulting in no net change in the system. It is a key concept in phase transitions where phases coexist at equilibrium.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In dynamic equilibrium, molecules continuously transition between phases, but their overall concentrations remain constant.
2. During a phase transition, such as evaporation and condensation, dynamic equilibrium can be achieved.
3. The condition of dynamic equilibrium is characterized by constant macroscopic properties despite ongoing microscopic changes.
4. Equilibrium vapor pressure is an example where liquid and gas phases are in dynamic equilibrium.
5. Temperature and pressure influence the establishment of dynamic equilibrium in phase transitions.

Review Questions

• What happens to the rates of forward and reverse processes at dynamic equilibrium?
• How does temperature affect dynamic equilibrium during a phase transition?
• Provide an example of a system that can reach dynamic equilibrium.

Related terms

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure: The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature.

Phase Transition:

The transformation from one phase to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

Le Chatelier's Principle:

\text{If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change.}