key term - $NaOH$

Definition

$NaOH$, or sodium hydroxide, is a strong base that is commonly used in various chemical reactions and processes. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water, forming a basic solution. $NaOH$ is a key component in many chemical reactions, particularly in the context of classifying chemical reactions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. $NaOH$ is a strong base, meaning it completely dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) and sodium ions ($Na^+$).
2. The presence of $OH^-$ ions in $NaOH$ solutions makes them highly basic, with a pH typically greater than 7.
3. $NaOH$ is commonly used in the production of soap, paper, textiles, and other industrial chemicals.
4. When $NaOH$ reacts with an acid, it undergoes a neutralization reaction, forming a salt and water.
5. The reaction between $NaOH$ and an acid is an important example of a chemical reaction that can be classified as either an acid-base reaction or a neutralization reaction.

Review Questions

• Explain how the presence of $OH^-$ ions in $NaOH$ solutions affects the pH of the solution.
  • The presence of $OH^-$ ions in $NaOH$ solutions makes them highly basic, with a pH typically greater than 7. This is because the $OH^-$ ions increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, shifting the pH towards the basic end of the scale. The higher the concentration of $OH^-$ ions, the more basic the solution will be.
• Describe the role of $NaOH$ in the classification of chemical reactions, specifically in the context of acid-base reactions and neutralization reactions.
  • As a strong base, $NaOH$ is an important component in the classification of chemical reactions. When $NaOH$ reacts with an acid, it undergoes a neutralization reaction, forming a salt and water. This type of reaction can be classified as both an acid-base reaction and a neutralization reaction. The ability of $NaOH$ to neutralize acids and participate in these types of reactions is a key feature that is often considered when classifying chemical reactions.
• Analyze the industrial applications of $NaOH$ and explain how its chemical properties contribute to these uses.
  • $NaOH$ is widely used in various industrial processes due to its strong basic properties. The high concentration of $OH^-$ ions in $NaOH$ solutions makes it an effective cleaning and degreasing agent, which is why it is used in the production of soap and other cleaning products. Additionally, the ability of $NaOH$ to undergo neutralization reactions with acids makes it a valuable component in the production of paper, textiles, and other industrial chemicals. The versatility of $NaOH$ in these applications is directly related to its chemical properties as a strong base.

Related terms

Acid-Base Reaction: A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

Neutralization Reaction: A type of acid-base reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

pH Scale:

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, with a range from 0 to 14.