Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group ($-COOH$). They are known for being weak acids and are commonly found in nature.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
The general formula for carboxylic acids is $R-COOH$, where R can be a hydrogen or an alkyl group.
Carboxylic acids exhibit hydrogen bonding, leading to higher boiling points compared to other organic compounds of similar molecular weight.
They can participate in reactions such as esterification and reduction to form esters and alcohols, respectively.
Common examples include acetic acid (found in vinegar) and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
The acidity of carboxylic acids is due to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, the carboxylate ion ($R-COO^-$).
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Related terms
Aldehydes: Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. They are often intermediates in the synthesis of alcohols and carboxylic acids.
Ketones: Organic compounds with a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. They are important solvents and precursors in chemical synthesis.
Esters: Organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids, where the hydrogen of the $-COOH$ group is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. They are commonly used as fragrances and flavorings.