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💏intro to chemistry review

C3H8

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

C3H8, also known as propane, is a simple hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C3H8. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is commonly used as a fuel source and in various industrial applications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Propane (C3H8) is the third member of the alkane series, with three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
  2. Propane is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, but it can be liquefied under moderate pressure, making it easy to store and transport.
  3. Propane is a non-toxic, non-corrosive, and relatively inexpensive fuel, making it a popular choice for various applications.
  4. Propane is commonly used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and powering vehicles, as well as in the production of various chemicals and plastics.
  5. The combustion of propane produces carbon dioxide and water, with a relatively clean and efficient energy release.

Review Questions

  • Explain the significance of the molecular formula C3H8 in the context of hydrocarbons.
    • The molecular formula C3H8 represents propane, which is a simple hydrocarbon with three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms. As an alkane, propane is a saturated hydrocarbon, meaning it has only single bonds between its carbon atoms. The C3H8 formula highlights the basic structure and composition of this hydrocarbon, which is important in understanding its physical and chemical properties, as well as its role in the broader category of hydrocarbons.
  • Describe the relationship between propane (C3H8) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
    • Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10), two of the simplest alkane hydrocarbons. Propane is a major component of LPG, and the ability to liquefy propane under moderate pressure is a key reason why LPG is a widely used fuel source. The liquefaction of propane and other LPG components makes it easier to store and transport, enhancing its versatility and accessibility as an energy source for various applications, such as heating, cooking, and powering vehicles.
  • Analyze the role of propane (C3H8) in the context of hydrocarbon fuels and their environmental impact.
    • As a hydrocarbon fuel, the combustion of propane (C3H8) produces carbon dioxide and water, which contributes to the overall environmental impact of hydrocarbon-based energy sources. However, propane is considered a relatively clean-burning fuel compared to other hydrocarbons, as it has a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and produces less particulate matter and other pollutants during combustion. This, along with its ease of liquefaction and storage, makes propane an attractive option for various applications, including as a transportation fuel, where it can help reduce the environmental footprint of fossil fuel-powered vehicles. The continued development and utilization of propane and other clean-burning hydrocarbon fuels play a role in addressing the environmental challenges associated with energy production and consumption.