Brønsted-Lowry acid

Definition

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that can donate a proton ($H^+$) to another substance. It is one-half of the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, which focuses on proton transfer reactions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A Brønsted-Lowry acid must have at least one removable proton ($H^+$).
2. The strength of a Brønsted-Lowry acid is determined by its tendency to donate a proton.
3. In aqueous solutions, common examples include $HCl$, $H_2SO_4$, and $CH_3COOH$.
4. A conjugate base is formed when a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a proton.
5. The concept extends beyond aqueous solutions and includes gas-phase and non-aqueous reactions.

Review Questions

• What defines a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
• Provide an example of a reaction involving a Brønsted-Lowry acid and identify the conjugate base.
• How does the strength of a Brønsted-Lowry acid relate to its ability to donate protons?

Related terms

Brønsted-Lowry Base: A substance that can accept a proton ($H^+$) from another substance.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair: Two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.

Amphoteric Substance: A substance that can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and base, depending on the reaction context.