Alpha particles (α particles)
Definition
Alpha particles (α particles) are helium nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons. They are emitted during certain types of radioactive decay, such as alpha decay.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Alpha particles have a +2 charge due to the presence of two protons.
- They have relatively low penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin.
- Alpha particles were crucial in Rutherford's gold foil experiment that led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.
- Because they are heavy and carry a double positive charge, alpha particles ionize other atoms strongly along their path.
- In nuclear equations, alpha emission is often represented as either α or $^4_2He$.
Review Questions
- What are the components of an alpha particle?
- Why do alpha particles have low penetration power?
- How did Rutherford use alpha particles to discover the atomic nucleus?
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Related terms
Beta Particles: High-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei during beta decay.
Gamma Rays: Electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and energy, often emitted alongside alpha or beta particles during radioactive decay.
Radioactive Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
