RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Definition

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a molecule essential for various biological roles, including coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. It acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RNA molecules are crucial in the study of astrobiology because they can provide insights into the origin and evolution of life.
2. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded, which allows it to fold into complex three-dimensional shapes.
3. RNA can act as an enzyme-like catalyst known as ribozymes, which may have been vital in early biochemical processes on Earth.
4. The discovery of RNA's ability to store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions supports the hypothesis of an 'RNA world' in early Earth history.
5. In astrobiology, scientists search for RNA or its components in extraterrestrial environments as potential indicators of past or present life.

Review Questions

• What role does RNA play in gene expression and protein synthesis?
• Why is RNA considered significant in the context of understanding the origin of life?
• How does the structure of RNA differ from that of DNA?

Related terms

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction.

Ribosomes: Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).

Ribozymes: RNA molecules capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions similar to protein enzymes.