Ionization

Definition

Ionization is the process in which an atom or molecule loses or gains electrons, resulting in the formation of ions. This often occurs due to high energy photons interacting with atoms or molecules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ionization can produce a positive ion if an electron is removed, or a negative ion if an extra electron is added.
2. High-energy ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray photons are typically responsible for causing ionization in astronomical contexts.
3. Ionization plays a crucial role in the formation of spectral lines, as it affects the energy levels of electrons within an atom.
4. The degree of ionization of a gas can provide important information about the temperature and composition of astronomical objects.
5. In stellar atmospheres, different elements can be ionized to different degrees, leading to the appearance of various spectral lines.

Review Questions

• What happens to an atom during the process of ionization?
• Which types of photons are most likely to cause ionization in astronomical contexts?
• How does ionization affect the formation of spectral lines?

Related terms

Photon:

A particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation.

Spectral Lines:

The distinct lines seen in an emission or absorption spectrum, each corresponding to a specific wavelength.

Electron Energy Levels: The discrete levels at which electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom.