Gravitational energy

Definition

Gravitational energy is the potential energy held by an object due to its position in a gravitational field. In astronomy, it plays a crucial role in the formation and energy processes of stars, including the Sun.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gravitational energy contributes to the initial collapse of gas and dust clouds to form stars.
2. During the Sun's formation, gravitational energy was converted into thermal energy, increasing its core temperature.
3. This conversion of gravitational to thermal energy is known as Kelvin-Helmholtz contraction.
4. Gravitational forces continue to influence the Sun's structure and stability over its lifetime.
5. In stars like the Sun, gravitational equilibrium balances outward pressure from nuclear fusion and inward pull of gravity.

Review Questions

• How does gravitational energy contribute to star formation?
• What is Kelvin-Helmholtz contraction?
• Explain how gravitational equilibrium is maintained in stars like the Sun.

Related terms

Thermal Energy: The internal energy present in a system due to its temperature. In stars, it results from nuclear fusion reactions.

Nuclear Fusion: A process where atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, releasing vast amounts of energy, powering stars including the Sun.

Kelvin-Helmholtz Contraction: A phase during star formation when gravitational potential energy converts into thermal energy as a protostar contracts.