Convection

Definition

Convection is the process of heat transfer through the movement of fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion. It plays a critical role in various natural phenomena, including the dynamics of Earth's crust and the energy transport within the Sun.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Convection currents within Earth's mantle drive plate tectonics, leading to the movement of continents.
2. In the Sun's interior, convection occurs in the outer convective zone where hot plasma rises, cools as it nears the surface, and sinks again.
3. The process of convection helps distribute heat from Earth's core to its surface, influencing volcanic activity and mountain formation.
4. Convective motions in the Sun are responsible for granules observed on its surface, which are small cellular patterns caused by rising hot plasma.
5. Convection is essential for understanding weather patterns on Earth as it affects atmospheric circulation and ocean currents.

Review Questions

• How does convection influence plate tectonics?
• Where does convection occur in the Sun's structure?
• What is the relationship between convection and volcanic activity?

Related terms

Plate Tectonics:

The theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates driven by mantle convection.

Granules:

Small cellular patterns on the Sun's surface caused by convective motions of hot plasma.

Mantle:

The layer of Earth located between the crust and core, where convection currents help drive plate movements.