key term - Seriation

Definition

Seriation is a relative dating technique used in archaeology to order artifacts or sites in a chronological sequence based on the analysis of their stylistic or technological changes over time. It involves arranging objects or sites into a temporal order without the need for absolute dating methods.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Seriation is based on the principle that cultural traits and artifact styles change gradually over time, allowing archaeologists to order them in a sequence.
2. The technique relies on the identification of stylistic trends and changes in the frequency of certain artifact types within a given assemblage or across multiple sites.
3. Seriation can be applied to a wide range of archaeological materials, including pottery, tools, ornaments, and architectural features.
4. The method is particularly useful when absolute dating techniques are not available or when the chronology of a site or region is poorly understood.
5. Seriation is often used in conjunction with other relative dating methods, such as stratigraphy, to establish a more comprehensive chronological framework for archaeological sites and cultures.

Review Questions

• Explain how the principle of seriation is used to order artifacts or sites in a chronological sequence.
  • The principle of seriation is based on the observation that cultural traits and artifact styles change gradually over time. By analyzing the frequency and distribution of different artifact types within an assemblage or across multiple sites, archaeologists can arrange them in a relative chronological order. Artifacts or sites with similar stylistic characteristics are grouped together and placed in a sequence, with the oldest examples at the bottom and the most recent at the top. This allows archaeologists to establish a relative chronology without the need for absolute dating methods.
• Describe how seriation can be used in conjunction with other relative dating techniques, such as stratigraphy, to develop a more comprehensive chronological framework for archaeological sites and cultures.
  • Seriation is often used in combination with other relative dating methods, such as stratigraphy, to create a more robust chronological framework for archaeological sites and cultures. Stratigraphy provides information about the vertical ordering of archaeological deposits, while seriation allows for the horizontal ordering of artifacts and sites based on stylistic changes. By integrating the data from these two techniques, archaeologists can establish a more detailed and reliable chronology that takes into account both the vertical and horizontal relationships between archaeological materials. This approach helps to overcome the limitations of using either method alone and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal and cultural dynamics of a given region or site.
• Analyze how the application of seriation to a wide range of archaeological materials, including pottery, tools, ornaments, and architectural features, contributes to our understanding of cultural change and development over time.
  • The ability to apply the principle of seriation to a diverse range of archaeological materials is a key strength of this dating technique. By analyzing changes in the styles and frequencies of artifacts such as pottery, tools, ornaments, and architectural features, archaeologists can gain valuable insights into the cultural development and evolution of past societies. The gradual changes observed in these materials reflect broader shifts in technology, artistic expression, social organization, and other aspects of cultural systems. Through seriation, archaeologists can identify patterns of innovation, diffusion, and regional variation, which in turn helps to reconstruct the trajectories of cultural change over time. This holistic approach to analyzing material culture provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex social, economic, and technological transformations that shaped the past, ultimately contributing to a more comprehensive interpretation of archaeological sites and the cultures they represent.

Related terms

Typology:

The classification of artifacts into types based on shared physical characteristics, which can be used to infer cultural and temporal relationships.

Stratigraphy:

The study of the layers or strata of soil and sediment deposited over time, which can provide information about the relative chronology of archaeological sites.

Relative Dating: The process of determining the age of an artifact or site in relation to other objects or sites, without establishing its absolute date.