Harris Matrix

Definition

The Harris Matrix is a stratigraphic tool used in archaeology to visually represent the chronological relationships between different layers or contexts within an excavation site. It provides a graphical representation of the relative temporal sequence of archaeological deposits and features.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Harris Matrix is used to establish the relative chronology of archaeological contexts by identifying the stratigraphic relationships between them, such as which layers were deposited earlier or later.
2. It is particularly useful in complex archaeological sites where multiple phases of occupation, construction, and destruction have occurred, as it helps to organize and interpret the site's stratigraphy.
3. The matrix is constructed by representing each archaeological context as a box, and the relationships between these contexts (e.g., overlying, underlying, or contemporary) are indicated by lines connecting the boxes.
4. The Harris Matrix allows archaeologists to identify the sequence of deposition, as well as any disturbances or intrusions that may have occurred, which is crucial for understanding the site's formation processes and interpreting the archaeological record.
5. The use of the Harris Matrix is an essential component of the archaeological research process, as it provides a systematic and standardized way to analyze and communicate the stratigraphic information gathered during excavations.

Review Questions

• Explain the purpose of the Harris Matrix in archaeological research methods.
  • The Harris Matrix is a key tool used in archaeological research methods to visually represent the chronological relationships between different layers or contexts within an excavation site. It helps archaeologists establish the relative dating and sequence of deposition for the various archaeological features and deposits, which is crucial for understanding the site's formation processes and interpreting the cultural and environmental information preserved in the stratigraphic record.
• Describe how the Harris Matrix is constructed and the information it conveys.
  • The Harris Matrix is constructed by representing each archaeological context as a box, and the relationships between these contexts (e.g., overlying, underlying, or contemporary) are indicated by lines connecting the boxes. This graphical representation allows archaeologists to identify the sequence of deposition, as well as any disturbances or intrusions that may have occurred. The matrix provides a systematic and standardized way to analyze and communicate the stratigraphic information gathered during excavations, which is essential for interpreting the archaeological record.
• Analyze the role of the Harris Matrix in the broader context of archaeological research methods and its significance for understanding site formation processes.
  • The Harris Matrix is a fundamental tool in the archaeological research process, as it allows archaeologists to establish the relative chronology of archaeological deposits and features. By visually representing the stratigraphic relationships within a site, the Harris Matrix is crucial for understanding the site's formation processes, including the sequence of occupation, construction, and destruction events. This information is essential for interpreting the cultural and environmental data preserved in the archaeological record, as it provides the necessary context for analyzing artifacts, features, and other remains. The use of the Harris Matrix is a standardized and systematic approach that enables archaeologists to effectively communicate their findings and draw meaningful conclusions about past human activities and the evolution of the site over time.

Related terms

Stratigraphy:

The study of the layers of soil, sediment, or other deposits that have accumulated over time, providing information about the site's history and formation processes.

Relative Dating: A method of determining the chronological order of archaeological features or deposits based on their position in the stratigraphic sequence, without providing absolute dates.

Excavation:

The systematic and controlled removal of archaeological deposits and features to uncover and study the remains of past human activities and environments.