key term - Sodium Chloride

Definition

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound formed from the reaction of sodium and chlorine. It plays a crucial role in various chemical reactions and is essential for life, particularly in regulating fluid balance in biological systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sodium chloride is formed through the ionic reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), where sodium donates an electron to chlorine, creating Na+ and Cl- ions.
2. The crystalline structure of sodium chloride forms a face-centered cubic lattice, contributing to its stability and high melting point.
3. As an electrolyte, sodium chloride dissociates in water into sodium and chloride ions, which are vital for conducting electrical signals in the body.
4. Sodium chloride is highly soluble in water, making it easy to transport nutrients and waste products across cell membranes.
5. In addition to its culinary uses, sodium chloride is important in industrial applications, including chemical synthesis, food preservation, and water treatment.

Review Questions

• How does the formation of sodium chloride illustrate the principles of ionic bonding?
  • The formation of sodium chloride exemplifies ionic bonding as it involves the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine. Sodium, having one electron in its outer shell, loses this electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming a Na+ ion. Chlorine, needing one electron to complete its outer shell, gains this electron to become a Cl- ion. The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions leads to the formation of the ionic compound sodium chloride.
• Discuss the significance of the crystal lattice structure of sodium chloride in terms of its physical properties.
  • The crystal lattice structure of sodium chloride is crucial because it determines many of its physical properties, such as hardness, melting point, and solubility. The face-centered cubic arrangement allows for strong electrostatic interactions between the Na+ and Cl- ions, resulting in a high melting point and making the crystal structure stable. This structure also influences how sodium chloride interacts with water, leading to its high solubility as the lattice breaks apart when dissolved.
• Evaluate the role of sodium chloride as an electrolyte in biological systems and its impact on cellular functions.
  • Sodium chloride acts as a vital electrolyte in biological systems by dissociating into Na+ and Cl- ions when dissolved in body fluids. These ions are essential for maintaining osmotic balance and regulating nerve impulses and muscle contractions. The presence of sodium ions helps facilitate action potentials in nerve cells, while chloride ions contribute to maintaining pH levels. An imbalance in sodium chloride levels can disrupt these critical cellular functions, demonstrating its importance for overall health.

Related terms

Ionic Bonding: A type of chemical bond that occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions.

Crystal Lattice:

A three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ions in a repeating pattern that gives solid materials their structure and stability.

Electrolyte: A substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in water, which is crucial for various physiological processes.