Wahhabism

Definition

Wahhabism is a strict, puritanical interpretation of Sunni Islam founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the 18th century. It emphasizes a return to what adherents believe to be the original principles of Islam, advocating for monotheism and the rejection of practices considered innovations or idolatry. This movement has played a significant role in shaping contemporary Islamic thought and practices, especially in Saudi Arabia, where it is closely associated with the state and its governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Wahhabism originated in the Arabian Peninsula during the 18th century as part of a revivalist movement seeking to purify Islam from perceived corruptions and innovations.
2. The alliance between Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud laid the foundation for the modern Saudi state, making Wahhabism integral to Saudi national identity.
3. Wahhabism promotes a strict interpretation of monotheism (Tawhid), leading to condemnation of practices such as tomb visitation and veneration of saints, which are seen as forms of idolatry.
4. The movement has faced criticism both within the Muslim world and outside for its ultra-conservative stance and its role in promoting extremist ideologies.
5. Wahhabi doctrine has influenced global Islamic movements, contributing to both conservative practices in various Muslim communities and extremist groups that cite Wahhabi teachings.

Review Questions

• How does Wahhabism's emphasis on monotheism impact its followers' practices compared to other interpretations of Islam?
  • Wahhabism's strong focus on monotheism (Tawhid) significantly shapes its followers' religious practices, leading them to reject any forms of worship that they see as compromising this principle. This includes denouncing activities like visiting tombs or venerating saints, which are common in other Islamic traditions. As a result, adherents engage in more austere forms of worship that align with their interpretation of Islam's foundational tenets.
• Discuss the historical relationship between Wahhabism and the formation of the modern Saudi state.
  • The historical relationship between Wahhabism and the formation of the modern Saudi state is rooted in an alliance established in the 18th century between Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud. This partnership not only facilitated the spread of Wahhabi teachings but also helped consolidate political power for the Saud family. As a result, Wahhabism became central to Saudi national identity and governance, influencing laws and societal norms throughout the kingdom.
• Evaluate the influence of Wahhabism on contemporary Islamic thought and its implications for global Islamic movements.
  • Wahhabism has had a profound influence on contemporary Islamic thought, shaping both conservative practices within various Muslim communities and providing ideological support for extremist groups. Its strict interpretation of Islamic teachings often leads to polarization within the broader Muslim world. As these ideologies gain traction globally, they challenge more moderate interpretations of Islam, creating tensions that have implications for international relations and community cohesion among Muslims.

Related terms

Salafism: A reform movement within Sunni Islam that seeks to return to the practices of the 'salaf' or the early generations of Muslims, similar to Wahhabism but with broader interpretations.

Sharia: Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith that governs all aspects of a Muslim's life, which Wahhabism strictly adheres to in its interpretation.

Ikhwan: A religious militia formed in the early 20th century by Wahhabi leaders to enforce Islamic law and Wahhabi doctrines, playing a significant role in Saudi Arabian history.