Sectarianism

Definition

Sectarianism refers to the division and conflict that arises between different groups within a religion or between various religious traditions. It often manifests as hostility or discrimination against those perceived to belong to different sects, leading to fragmentation within communities and sometimes violent confrontations. In the context of religious development, sectarianism can shape the evolution of belief systems and practices, influencing how groups establish their identity and maintain their beliefs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sectarianism can lead to significant social tension, as different sects may compete for resources, power, and recognition within their broader religious context.
2. In early Buddhism, sectarianism was evident during the formation of various schools of thought that emerged after the Buddha's death, each interpreting his teachings differently.
3. New religious movements often exhibit sectarian characteristics as they emerge from established religions and create distinct identities separate from their parent traditions.
4. Sectarian conflicts can escalate into violence, as seen in historical examples where differing religious sects engage in wars or persecution against each other.
5. The impact of sectarianism extends beyond religion into social and political realms, influencing how communities interact and coexist in diverse societies.

Review Questions

• How did sectarianism influence the development of early Buddhist schools after the Buddha's death?
  • Sectarianism played a crucial role in shaping early Buddhist schools as different groups interpreted the teachings of the Buddha in various ways. As these schools formed, they developed distinct philosophies and practices that sometimes clashed with one another. This division created a rich diversity within Buddhism but also led to tensions among adherents of different schools, reflecting broader themes of sectarianism within religious traditions.
• Discuss the similarities and differences in how sectarianism manifests in traditional religions compared to major new religious movements.
  • In traditional religions, sectarianism often arises from long-standing theological disagreements or cultural differences among established groups. This can lead to schisms and the formation of denominations. In contrast, major new religious movements tend to begin as reactions against mainstream religions and may initially unify their followers around a common cause. However, over time, these movements can also develop internal divisions that reflect sectarian tendencies as different factions emerge with varying beliefs or interpretations.
• Evaluate the broader implications of sectarianism on societal cohesion and intergroup relations in contemporary contexts.
  • Sectarianism has significant implications for societal cohesion and intergroup relations today. It can create deep divides within communities, leading to mistrust and conflict between different religious groups. This fragmentation can hinder collaborative efforts toward social justice and peacebuilding. On a larger scale, sectarian tensions can influence political landscapes by shaping policies and governance structures that either exacerbate divisions or promote dialogue and cooperation among diverse groups.

Related terms

Schism: A formal division within a religious community, often resulting in the creation of distinct groups that hold differing beliefs or practices.

Denomination: A recognized autonomous branch of a larger religious tradition, often with its own specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structure.

Fundamentalism:

A strict adherence to specific theological doctrines typically in reaction against modernity, often leading to an exclusive approach toward other sects or religions.