key term - Stevens Pass Tunnel

Definition

The Stevens Pass Tunnel is a significant railway tunnel located in the Cascade Range of Washington State, originally constructed for the Great Northern Railway in the early 20th century. It connects the western and eastern parts of the state by allowing trains to pass through the mountainous terrain, enhancing transportation and commerce between these regions. Its construction was a crucial engineering achievement that facilitated the development of rail travel across the challenging landscape of the Pacific Northwest.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Stevens Pass Tunnel was completed in 1929 and measures approximately 7.79 miles long, making it one of the longest tunnels in North America at that time.
2. It was built using conventional tunneling methods, including drilling and blasting, which posed significant challenges due to geological conditions.
3. The tunnel's construction was part of a larger effort to improve rail connectivity across the Cascade Mountains, significantly reducing travel time for freight and passenger trains.
4. After serving for several decades, the original tunnel was replaced by a new tunnel completed in 2013, designed to accommodate modern train traffic and safety standards.
5. The Stevens Pass Tunnel remains an important feature of Washington's transportation infrastructure, contributing to the efficiency of rail operations in the region.

Review Questions

• How did the construction of the Stevens Pass Tunnel impact railway transportation in Washington State?
  • The construction of the Stevens Pass Tunnel revolutionized railway transportation by providing a direct route through the Cascade Range, significantly improving connectivity between western and eastern Washington. This allowed for faster movement of goods and passengers, fostering economic growth and expansion in the region. The tunnel addressed the challenges posed by the mountainous terrain, demonstrating significant engineering innovation at that time.
• Evaluate the engineering challenges faced during the construction of the Stevens Pass Tunnel and how they were overcome.
  • During its construction, engineers faced numerous challenges, including unstable geological conditions and harsh weather typical of the Cascade Range. To overcome these obstacles, they employed traditional tunneling techniques such as drilling and blasting to create a stable passage. Additionally, careful planning and surveying were essential to ensure proper alignment and structural integrity, ultimately leading to its successful completion despite the difficult circumstances.
• Assess the significance of replacing the original Stevens Pass Tunnel with a new tunnel in 2013 for modern rail transportation needs.
  • The replacement of the original Stevens Pass Tunnel with a new one in 2013 marked a pivotal advancement in rail transportation within Washington State. The new tunnel accommodates larger freight trains and meets contemporary safety standards, reflecting changes in both technology and rail traffic demands. This upgrade not only enhances efficiency but also ensures that rail services can continue to support regional commerce effectively while addressing environmental considerations associated with modern transportation.

Related terms

Great Northern Railway:

A major North American railroad that connected the Midwest to the Pacific Coast, playing a key role in the expansion and economic development of the regions it served.

Cascade Range:

A major mountain range in the Pacific Northwest, known for its rugged terrain and significant natural beauty, which presents challenges for transportation and infrastructure.

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): A machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section through a variety of soil and rock formations, often employed in modern tunnel construction.