Backing

Definition

Backing refers to the support or evidence that reinforces a claim or argument, providing additional credibility and justification. It plays a crucial role in strengthening arguments by linking claims to well-established facts, expert opinions, or data, which makes the argument more persuasive. In effective reasoning, backing is essential for convincing an audience that the claims made are reliable and based on solid foundations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Backing is vital in the Toulmin model of argumentation as it provides the necessary support for the warrants that connect claims to evidence.
2. A well-structured argument typically includes both backing and evidence to enhance its overall credibility and persuasiveness.
3. In identifying weaknesses in an opponent's case, one can look for gaps in backing, such as unsupported claims or lack of credible sources.
4. Effective use of backing not only strengthens one's own argument but can also be used strategically to undermine opposing arguments.
5. Types of backing can vary widely, including statistical data, expert testimonials, historical examples, or logical reasoning.

Review Questions

• How does backing enhance the effectiveness of an argument within the Toulmin model?
  • Backing enhances the effectiveness of an argument within the Toulmin model by providing additional support for the warrants that connect claims to evidence. Without proper backing, claims may appear weak or unsubstantiated. By including robust backing, an arguer can demonstrate that their claims are not only based on evidence but also align with established knowledge or expert consensus, making the overall argument more convincing.
• In what ways can identifying weaknesses in an opponent's case help in evaluating their use of backing?
  • Identifying weaknesses in an opponent's case can reveal gaps in their backing by highlighting unsupported claims or inadequate evidence. For instance, if an opponent relies on weak or irrelevant backing, it diminishes their credibility and undermines their overall argument. By critically evaluating the quality and relevance of their backing, one can effectively counter their points and strengthen one's own position.
• Evaluate the impact of different types of backing on the persuasiveness of arguments in a debate setting.
  • Different types of backing can significantly impact the persuasiveness of arguments in a debate setting. For example, statistical data may provide strong quantitative support that resonates with a logical audience, while personal testimonies might evoke emotional responses and create relatability. The effectiveness of each type of backing largely depends on the audience's values and beliefs. Evaluating how different forms of backing align with audience perceptions can lead to more effective argumentative strategies and improve overall debate performance.

Related terms

Claim: A statement or assertion that expresses a belief or opinion which can be supported by evidence.

Warrant: The logical connection between the claim and the evidence, explaining why the evidence supports the claim.

Evidence: The factual information or data used to support a claim, such as statistics, quotes, or research findings.