Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Definition

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union aimed at curbing the arms race, particularly focusing on limiting the production and deployment of nuclear weapons. These talks began during Richard Nixon's presidency and represented a significant step toward reducing Cold War tensions, as both superpowers sought to establish frameworks for arms control and mutual security.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. SALT I was agreed upon in 1972, resulting in two main agreements: the ABM Treaty and an interim agreement on strategic offensive arms.
2. The negotiations were critical in establishing a framework for future arms control discussions, helping to ease fears of nuclear war during the Cold War.
3. SALT II followed in 1979 but faced challenges due to political tensions, especially following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
4. The SALT talks included discussions on limiting intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).
5. Both SALT I and II aimed to promote strategic stability by ensuring that neither side could gain a significant advantage in nuclear capabilities.

Review Questions

• How did SALT contribute to the overall strategy of détente between the United States and the Soviet Union during Nixon's presidency?
  • SALT was a key component of the détente strategy as it focused on reducing nuclear tensions through negotiation rather than confrontation. By engaging in arms control talks, Nixon aimed to stabilize relations with the Soviet Union, creating a more predictable international environment. The success of SALT I helped foster trust and opened channels for further dialogue, showcasing a shift from hostility toward cooperation.
• Evaluate the significance of the ABM Treaty within the context of SALT I and its impact on Cold War dynamics.
  • The ABM Treaty was significant as it established limits on missile defense systems, reinforcing the concept of mutually assured destruction. By preventing either side from developing effective defenses against nuclear attacks, the treaty aimed to maintain strategic balance. This contributed to Cold War dynamics by fostering an environment where both superpowers acknowledged their vulnerabilities and recognized the need for continued dialogue to avoid escalation.
• Analyze how the failure to ratify SALT II influenced U.S.-Soviet relations in the years following its negotiation.
  • The failure to ratify SALT II due to rising tensions after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan marked a turning point in U.S.-Soviet relations, leading to a resurgence of Cold War hostilities. The collapse of these negotiations contributed to an arms buildup as both nations sought to gain military superiority. This period saw an increase in military rhetoric and competition, diminishing prospects for future arms control agreements and escalating global tensions.

Related terms

Nuclear Deterrence: A military strategy that uses the threat of nuclear retaliation to prevent an enemy from attacking, based on the idea that both sides would face mutually assured destruction.

Détente: A period of relaxed tensions and improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the late 1960s and 1970s, characterized by diplomatic negotiations and arms control agreements.

ABM Treaty: The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty signed in 1972 as part of SALT I, which limited the deployment of missile defense systems and reinforced the principle of mutual vulnerability.