Resolution 678

Definition

Resolution 678 was a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted on November 29, 1990, which authorized member states to use force against Iraq to liberate Kuwait after Iraq's invasion. This resolution was crucial in the lead-up to the Gulf War and established a framework for international military action against Iraq.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Resolution 678 was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council, highlighting broad international support for action against Iraq.
2. The resolution set a deadline of January 15, 1991, for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait before military action would commence.
3. It explicitly authorized member states to use 'all necessary means' to enforce compliance, which provided a legal basis for the coalition forces' intervention.
4. The adoption of Resolution 678 marked a significant moment in post-Cold War international relations, demonstrating the UN's role in maintaining global peace and security.
5. This resolution was part of a series of measures taken by the UN in response to Iraq's aggressive actions and laid the groundwork for the coalition's military operations.

Review Questions

• How did Resolution 678 shape the international response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait?
  • Resolution 678 was pivotal in shaping the international response as it provided a legal framework for military intervention. By authorizing member states to use force if necessary, it rallied a broad coalition against Iraq and set a clear deadline for withdrawal. The resolution not only demonstrated international solidarity but also marked a significant shift towards collective security actions by the UN in response to aggression.
• Discuss the significance of the deadline set by Resolution 678 and its impact on the timeline of military operations during the Gulf War.
  • The deadline established by Resolution 678 was crucial as it created urgency for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, ultimately leading to Operation Desert Storm. The impending deadline forced Iraq into a corner, diminishing their options and solidifying the coalition’s resolve. When Iraq failed to comply by January 15, 1991, this catalyzed the launch of military operations, illustrating how diplomatic timelines can influence military strategy.
• Evaluate how Resolution 678 reflects changes in international law and collective security practices following the Cold War.
  • Resolution 678 illustrates significant shifts in international law and collective security practices post-Cold War by reinforcing the UN's authority to intervene in cases of aggression. Unlike earlier conflicts where power dynamics were often dictated by individual nations or alliances, this resolution represented a multilateral approach endorsed by a majority of nations. It underscored a growing consensus that collective action through international institutions was necessary for maintaining peace and responding to violations of sovereignty.

Related terms

Gulf War:

A conflict that lasted from 1990 to 1991, initiated by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, leading to a coalition of forces intervening to expel Iraqi troops.

Operation Desert Storm:

The combat phase of the Gulf War that began on January 17, 1991, when coalition forces launched a massive air campaign against Iraq.

Sanctions: Economic and trade restrictions imposed by the UN Security Council on Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait, aimed at compelling compliance with international law.