Phillis Wheatley

Definition

Phillis Wheatley was an African American poet and the first published black female author in the United States. Born in West Africa and brought to America as a slave, she showcased extraordinary talent for writing at a young age, gaining recognition for her poetry that often addressed themes of freedom, religion, and the experience of being a slave. Her work not only contributed to American literature but also challenged the prevailing views on race and gender during colonial times.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phillis Wheatley was kidnapped from her home in West Africa at the age of seven and sold into slavery in Boston in 1761.
2. Her first book of poetry, 'Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral,' was published in 1773, making her the first African American to publish a book.
3. Wheatley's poetry often incorporated classical references and addressed themes such as faith, liberty, and the struggle against oppression.
4. She was emancipated after the publication of her book, though she faced ongoing challenges in a society that still viewed her through the lens of race and gender.
5. Wheatley’s work helped to lay the groundwork for future African American literature and served as an early critique of the institution of slavery.

Review Questions

• How did Phillis Wheatley's background influence her writing and themes explored in her poetry?
  • Phillis Wheatley's background as an enslaved African woman deeply influenced her writing. Her experiences of displacement and oppression are reflected in her poems, which often explore themes of freedom, faith, and humanity. Growing up in a culture that valued education and literature, despite her status as a slave, allowed her to articulate her thoughts on these subjects, making her work not just personal but also a commentary on the societal norms of her time.
• Discuss how Phillis Wheatley's work contributed to the broader abolitionist movement during colonial times.
  • Phillis Wheatley's work was significant to the abolitionist movement because it provided a powerful counter-narrative to the prevailing attitudes about race and slavery. By showcasing her literary talents through published poetry, she demonstrated that black individuals could contribute intellectually to society. Her writings often included appeals for freedom and dignity, helping to challenge stereotypes about African Americans and influencing public opinion on slavery during colonial times.
• Evaluate the impact of Phillis Wheatley's achievements on future generations of writers and thinkers in America.
  • Phillis Wheatley's achievements had a lasting impact on future generations of writers and thinkers by paving the way for African American literature. Her success as the first published black female author provided inspiration for other marginalized voices seeking to express their experiences through literature. Wheatley’s blend of classical references with personal and societal themes set a precedent for later writers who would build upon her legacy, ultimately contributing to a rich tapestry of American literature that includes diverse perspectives.

Related terms

Enlightenment:

An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines, which influenced Wheatley's writing.

Abolitionism: The movement aimed at ending slavery and promoting equality for African Americans, gaining momentum in part due to voices like Wheatley's.

Colonial Literature: The body of written works produced in the American colonies, where Wheatley's poetry emerged as a significant contribution.