American Revolution

Definition

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783, resulting in the thirteen American colonies gaining independence from British rule. This transformative conflict not only led to the formation of the United States but also inspired a wave of revolutionary movements around the world. The ideas of liberty, equality, and self-governance were central to the revolution, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers and religious revivalism during the Great Awakening.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The American Revolution was sparked by colonial resistance to British taxation without representation, leading to significant events like the Boston Tea Party and the First Continental Congress.
2. Key figures in the revolution included George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams, each contributing to military strategy, diplomatic efforts, or philosophical underpinnings.
3. The revolution was characterized by both military engagements, such as the battles of Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown, as well as important ideological debates about governance and rights.
4. International support played a crucial role in the revolution's success, particularly France's military assistance after the American victory at Saratoga in 1777.
5. The American Revolution had far-reaching impacts beyond North America, influencing subsequent revolutions in France, Latin America, and various other regions by promoting democratic ideals.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment ideas shape the beliefs and actions of revolutionaries during the American Revolution?
  • Enlightenment ideas profoundly influenced the beliefs of revolutionaries by promoting concepts like natural rights, government by consent, and individual liberty. Thinkers such as John Locke argued that governments are formed to protect these rights and should be held accountable by the governed. These principles motivated colonists to challenge British authority and assert their right to self-governance, culminating in calls for independence.
• In what ways did the Great Awakening contribute to the spirit of rebellion against British rule during the American Revolution?
  • The Great Awakening fostered a sense of individual empowerment and questioned traditional authority structures, which translated into political dissent against British rule. The movement's emphasis on personal faith encouraged colonists to view themselves as morally justified in resisting oppression. This shared sense of purpose among diverse groups helped unite various factions within the colonies, strengthening their resolve to seek independence from Britain.
• Evaluate the significance of the Declaration of Independence in shaping not only American identity but also global revolutionary movements following the American Revolution.
  • The Declaration of Independence was pivotal in articulating a vision of democracy grounded in individual rights and self-governance. By proclaiming that 'all men are created equal' and asserting a right to revolt against unjust government, it provided an ideological framework that resonated with oppressed peoples worldwide. Its principles inspired subsequent revolutionary movements in France and Latin America, creating a ripple effect that transformed political landscapes across continents as nations sought to emulate America's quest for freedom.

Related terms

Enlightenment: An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, significantly influencing revolutionary thought.

Great Awakening: A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 18th century that emphasized personal faith and emotional experience, promoting ideals of liberty and self-determination.

Declaration of Independence: The document adopted on July 4, 1776, that formally declared the thirteen colonies' separation from Britain and outlined the principles of individual rights and government by consent.