Honors Biology
Protein synthesis is the biological process by which cells generate new proteins, essential for the growth, repair, and regulation of bodily functions. This process occurs in two main stages: transcription, where the DNA sequence is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), and translation, where the mRNA is translated into a specific amino acid sequence at the ribosomes. Eukaryotic cells utilize various organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum to facilitate this complex process.
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