Imperialism

Definition

Imperialism is the policy or practice by which a country extends its power and influence over other nations or territories, often through colonization, military force, or other means. This expansion can lead to significant economic, political, and social changes in both the imperial power and the regions it controls, often resulting in structural discrimination against colonized peoples.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Imperialism often involves the domination of one culture over another, leading to the suppression of local customs, languages, and practices.
2. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a significant surge in imperialism, particularly among European powers, driven by economic interests and competition for resources.
3. Structural discrimination arises from imperialistic practices as colonized peoples face systemic inequalities in political representation, economic opportunity, and social status.
4. Many regions that experienced imperialism continue to deal with the long-term impacts of colonial rule, including economic dependency and social divisions.
5. The response to imperialism has led to various movements advocating for independence and rights, highlighting issues of equity and justice.

Review Questions

• How does imperialism contribute to structural discrimination in colonized societies?
  • Imperialism contributes to structural discrimination by establishing systems that prioritize the needs and interests of the colonizing power while marginalizing the local populations. This often results in unequal access to resources, political representation, and social services for indigenous people. The laws and policies enacted during imperial rule can institutionalize inequalities that persist long after independence, creating lasting disparities.
• In what ways did the practice of imperialism change during the late 19th century compared to earlier forms of colonial expansion?
  • During the late 19th century, imperialism became more aggressive and systematic compared to earlier colonial expansions. Industrial advancements fueled the desire for new markets and resources, leading to competition among European powers for dominance in Africa and Asia. This period also saw the rise of ideologies justifying imperialism as a civilizing mission, which often masked the exploitation and violence inflicted on colonized populations. Such changes led to more entrenched forms of structural discrimination based on race and ethnicity.
• Evaluate the legacy of imperialism on contemporary global relations and how it informs current discussions about race and inequality.
  • The legacy of imperialism continues to shape contemporary global relations through ongoing economic disparities, cultural tensions, and discussions about race and inequality. Former colonial powers often retain significant influence over their former colonies, creating power dynamics that perpetuate inequality. The historical injustices rooted in imperial practices inform current movements advocating for social justice and reparations. Understanding this legacy is crucial for addressing systemic issues and fostering equitable relationships in today's global landscape.

Related terms

Colonialism: Colonialism is a form of imperialism where a country establishes control over a foreign territory, often settling its own population there and exploiting resources.

Exploitation: Exploitation refers to the act of taking unfair advantage of a resource or population for economic gain, commonly seen in imperial relationships.

Decolonization: Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, often leading to a reevaluation of identities and power structures.