key term - Blocking

Definition

Blocking is a statistical technique used in experimental design to reduce the impact of extraneous variables on the response variable. It involves grouping experimental units into homogeneous blocks to control for sources of variability that are not of primary interest, allowing for a more precise estimation of the treatment effects.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Blocking helps to increase the precision of treatment comparisons by reducing the error variance in the experiment.
2. Blocks are formed based on factors that are known to influence the response variable but are not of primary interest in the study.
3. Blocking can be used in both completely randomized and randomized block designs.
4. Matched or paired samples are a form of blocking where experimental units are matched on relevant characteristics before being assigned to treatments.
5. Blocking is particularly useful when there is substantial variability among experimental units that is not related to the treatment effects.

Review Questions

• Explain how blocking helps to improve the precision of treatment comparisons in an experiment.
  • Blocking helps to improve the precision of treatment comparisons by reducing the error variance in the experiment. By grouping experimental units into homogeneous blocks based on factors that are known to influence the response variable, blocking reduces the variability within each block, which in turn reduces the overall error variance. This allows for a more precise estimation of the treatment effects, as the differences observed between treatments are less likely to be confounded by extraneous sources of variability.
• Describe the key differences between a completely randomized design and a randomized block design, and explain how blocking is used in each approach.
  • In a completely randomized design, experimental units are randomly assigned to treatment conditions without any grouping or blocking. In contrast, a randomized block design involves grouping experimental units into homogeneous blocks based on factors that are known to influence the response variable, and then randomly assigning the treatments within each block. Blocking is used in the randomized block design to control for sources of variability that are not of primary interest, allowing for a more precise estimation of the treatment effects. Compared to a completely randomized design, the randomized block design is more efficient when there is substantial variability among experimental units that is not related to the treatment effects.
• Analyze how the use of matched or paired samples, a form of blocking, can help to improve the statistical power of an experiment.
  • The use of matched or paired samples, a form of blocking, can help to improve the statistical power of an experiment by reducing the error variance. In this approach, experimental units are matched on relevant characteristics before being assigned to treatment conditions. By pairing or matching experimental units, the variability within each pair is reduced, which in turn reduces the overall error variance. This increased precision allows for a more sensitive detection of treatment effects, as the differences observed between the paired treatments are less likely to be obscured by extraneous sources of variability. Consequently, the use of matched or paired samples can increase the statistical power of the experiment, allowing researchers to detect smaller treatment effects with greater confidence.

Related terms

Experimental Design:

The process of planning and structuring an experiment to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

Randomization:

The random assignment of experimental units to treatment conditions to ensure unbiased comparisons.

Confounding Variable: A variable that is associated with both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to determine the true effect of the independent variable.