Extreme Value Theorem

Definition

The Extreme Value Theorem states that a continuous function on a closed interval must have both a maximum and a minimum value within that interval. This means that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, it will have at least one absolute maximum and one absolute minimum value within that interval.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Extreme Value Theorem guarantees the existence of extreme values (maximum and minimum) for continuous functions on closed intervals, but does not provide a method for finding them.
2. A function may have more than one absolute maximum or absolute minimum value within a closed interval.
3. The Extreme Value Theorem is a fundamental result in calculus and is used to prove other important theorems, such as the Mean Value Theorem.
4. Knowing the Extreme Value Theorem is crucial for understanding optimization problems, where the goal is to find the maximum or minimum value of a function.
5. The Extreme Value Theorem applies only to continuous functions on closed intervals, not open intervals or functions that are not continuous.

Review Questions

• Explain how the Extreme Value Theorem relates to the continuity of a function.
  • The Extreme Value Theorem states that for a continuous function on a closed interval, the function must have at least one absolute maximum and one absolute minimum value within that interval. This means that continuity is a necessary condition for the Extreme Value Theorem to hold. If a function is not continuous on a closed interval, it may not have an absolute maximum or minimum value within that interval, violating the Extreme Value Theorem.
• Describe the significance of the Extreme Value Theorem in optimization problems.
  • The Extreme Value Theorem is crucial for solving optimization problems, where the goal is to find the maximum or minimum value of a function. Since the Extreme Value Theorem guarantees the existence of at least one absolute maximum and one absolute minimum value for a continuous function on a closed interval, it provides a theoretical foundation for finding these extreme values. This allows for the application of techniques like differentiation to locate the critical points of the function, which can then be evaluated to determine the absolute maximum and minimum values.
• Analyze the limitations of the Extreme Value Theorem and explain why it only applies to continuous functions on closed intervals.
  • The Extreme Value Theorem does not apply to functions that are not continuous or to functions defined on open intervals. For a function to have an absolute maximum and minimum value, it must be continuous on a closed interval. If a function is not continuous, it may have discontinuities or jumps in its graph, which could prevent the function from attaining an absolute maximum or minimum value within the interval. Similarly, if a function is defined on an open interval, the Extreme Value Theorem does not guarantee the existence of extreme values, as the function may approach, but never actually reach, a maximum or minimum value at the endpoints of the interval.

Related terms

Continuity:

Continuity is a property of a function where the function has no breaks or jumps in its graph. A continuous function can be drawn without lifting the pencil.

Absolute Maximum:

The absolute maximum of a function is the largest value the function attains on a given interval.

Absolute Minimum:

The absolute minimum of a function is the smallest value the function attains on a given interval.