Shinkoku

Definition

Shinkoku, meaning 'sacred country,' refers to Japan's perception of itself as a divine and unique land. This term reflects Japan's cultural and spiritual identity, particularly during the time of the Mongol invasions, when the Japanese viewed their homeland as under divine protection and destined for greatness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The term shinkoku emphasizes Japan's view of itself as a land favored by the gods, especially during periods of national crisis.
2. During the Mongol invasions, the concept of shinkoku was strengthened by the belief that Japan was destined to resist foreign powers due to divine intervention.
3. Shinkoku is closely tied to the Shinto religion, which plays a significant role in shaping Japan's national identity and cultural values.
4. The samurai class embraced shinkoku as part of their duty to protect the sacred land from invaders, reflecting their deep connection to this ideology.
5. After the failed Mongol invasions, shinkoku became an essential aspect of Japan's national consciousness, influencing its response to foreign threats.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of shinkoku influence Japanese society during the Mongol invasions?
  • The concept of shinkoku profoundly influenced Japanese society during the Mongol invasions by instilling a sense of divine purpose and protection. The belief that Japan was a 'sacred country' motivated samurai and civilians alike to defend their homeland against foreign forces. This sense of spiritual duty helped unite various factions within Japan and fostered a collective resilience in facing invasion threats.
• In what ways did the idea of shinkoku shape the Japanese perception of their identity compared to external forces during the Mongol invasions?
  • Shinkoku shaped Japanese identity by reinforcing the notion of Japan as a divine nation in contrast to external forces like the Mongols. This self-image promoted a narrative that portrayed Japan as unique and destined for greatness. As a result, any invasion attempts were viewed not only as military conflicts but as spiritual tests against Japan's inherent divinity, rallying the people to protect their sacred land.
• Evaluate how shinkoku has impacted Japan’s historical narrative and its responses to foreign influences beyond the Mongol invasions.
  • Shinkoku has significantly impacted Japan's historical narrative by embedding a sense of uniqueness and divinity into its national identity. This perspective has influenced Japan's responses to foreign influences by fostering a protective mindset towards its culture and sovereignty. Throughout history, this ideology has manifested in various forms, such as resistance against colonization and modernization efforts, highlighting how deeply rooted notions of shinkoku continue to shape Japan's interactions with the outside world.

Related terms

Kami: Spiritual beings or gods in Shinto, representing natural forces and ancestors, integral to the Japanese worldview of divinity.

Bushido: The samurai code of honor and conduct emphasizing loyalty, bravery, and martial skill, which influenced Japanese identity during conflicts.

Divine Wind (Kamikaze): Typhoons that thwarted the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, reinforcing the idea of Japan being under divine protection.