Kuni refers to the concept of a 'country' or 'state' in ancient Japan, signifying both geographical regions and political entities during the Nara period. This term played a vital role in shaping the governance structure and administrative organization of Japan as it transitioned into a more centralized state with the establishment of the imperial capital in Nara. The concept of kuni helped define the territorial boundaries and facilitated the development of a bureaucratic system under the imperial authority.
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