key term - Representation by population

Definition

Representation by population is a principle in governance that allocates political representation in proportion to the population size of a given area. This concept was vital during the formation of Canada, ensuring that the larger provinces had a greater say in the federal parliament compared to smaller ones, which promoted fairness and balanced power among regions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Representation by population was established to ensure equitable representation for provinces based on their population sizes, thus larger provinces like Ontario received more representatives than smaller ones like Prince Edward Island.
2. The concept plays a crucial role in Canada's federal structure, allowing for a balance of power and addressing the concerns of smaller provinces about being overshadowed by larger ones.
3. In practice, this principle means that census data is used periodically to adjust the number of representatives each province has, reflecting changes in population over time.
4. The adoption of representation by population helped lay the groundwork for democratic governance in Canada and influenced similar practices in other countries.
5. It sparked debates about regional disparities and equity in representation, especially as population growth varied significantly across different areas.

Review Questions

• How did the principle of representation by population impact the relationship between larger and smaller provinces during the formation of Canada?
  • Representation by population directly affected how political power was distributed among provinces, granting larger provinces like Ontario more representatives and influence in Parliament. This created a dynamic where smaller provinces feared marginalization but also prompted negotiations and compromises during confederation. The need for balance led to discussions about Senate representation and regional interests, shaping the federal framework in Canada.
• Discuss the implications of using census data to adjust representation by population over time, particularly in relation to demographic shifts in Canada.
  • Using census data to adjust representation by population ensures that political representation remains fair and reflects current demographics. As populations shift due to migration, urbanization, or other factors, provinces may gain or lose representatives, which can lead to significant changes in political dynamics. This responsiveness fosters accountability but also raises concerns over how effectively it addresses regional needs and interests amid changing demographics.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of representation by population as a means to achieve democratic governance in Canada, considering both its strengths and challenges.
  • Representation by population has been effective in promoting democratic governance in Canada by ensuring that citizens' voices are proportionately heard based on their population size. However, it faces challenges such as regional disparities where some areas feel underrepresented despite larger populations. The ongoing debate around fair representation highlights tensions between urban and rural interests, suggesting that while this principle aims for equity, achieving true balance requires continuous dialogue and potential reforms to address emerging concerns in a diverse society.

Related terms

British North America Act:

The British North America Act of 1867 was the legislation that united the Canadian provinces into the Dominion of Canada and established its parliamentary system.

House of Commons:

The House of Commons is the lower house of Canada's Parliament, where members are elected and represent constituencies based on population.

Proportional representation: A voting system that aims to allocate seats in a legislature in proportion to the number of votes each party receives, differing from the single-member district system.