key term - Governor General

Definition

The Governor General is the representative of the monarch in a specific country or territory, primarily in Canada during the colonial and early post-colonial period. This role involves executing various ceremonial duties and overseeing the administration of government while acting on the advice of the elected officials, which played a critical role in the movement towards responsible government.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The role of Governor General was established in Canada to represent the British monarch, initially appointed by the Crown and exercising significant power during colonial rule.
2. As political tensions grew, especially in the 19th century, the necessity for responsible government led to changes in the powers and functions of the Governor General, making them more a figurehead.
3. Governor Generals often held the power to summon and dissolve Parliament, though they typically acted based on the advice from their ministers.
4. The position became crucial during pivotal moments in Canadian history, such as confederation discussions and crisis situations where governmental stability was at stake.
5. The evolution of the Governor General's role reflected broader changes in governance, moving away from direct royal control toward increased self-governance for Canadians.

Review Questions

• How did the role of the Governor General evolve with respect to responsible government in Canada?
  • Initially, the Governor General held considerable power as a representative of the British Crown, but as responsible government took root in Canada during the 19th century, their role shifted towards a more ceremonial position. This change occurred as elected officials gained authority and responsibility for governance, requiring the Governor General to act on their advice rather than independently. The gradual reduction of direct power was essential for establishing a political culture that recognized elected representatives as central to governance.
• What were some key responsibilities of the Governor General prior to the establishment of responsible government?
  • Before responsible government was firmly established, the Governor General had significant responsibilities that included making appointments to key governmental positions, managing colonial affairs, and maintaining order. They also had the authority to summon legislative assemblies and dissolve Parliament at their discretion. However, these actions were often contentious and led to conflicts with emerging local political entities seeking more autonomy from British oversight.
• Evaluate how the changes in the role of Governor General influenced Canadian governance and identity in the 19th century.
  • The changes in the role of Governor General significantly impacted Canadian governance by facilitating a shift from colonial rule to self-governance and fostering a distinct Canadian identity. As the Governor General transitioned into a more symbolic position under responsible government, this shift allowed Canadians to perceive themselves as active participants in their political system rather than subjects of a distant monarchy. This redefined relationship not only empowered local leaders but also contributed to rising nationalism and a collective Canadian identity that was increasingly independent from British influence.

Related terms

Responsible Government:

A political system where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from the legislature and is accountable to it, ensuring that the Governor General acts on the advice of elected officials.

Colonial Administration: The system of governance used by colonial powers to control and manage their colonies, often involving appointed officials like governors or governor generals.

Constitutional Monarchy: A system of governance where a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government, like that of Canada, where the Governor General represents the monarch.