Discourse markers

Definition

Discourse markers are words or phrases that help organize and manage the flow of conversation or written text. They serve as signals to the listener or reader, indicating relationships between ideas, shifting topics, or providing context. By clarifying how new information relates to what has already been said, they enhance coherence and cohesion in communication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Discourse markers can be categorized into different types based on their function, such as additive (e.g., 'also'), contrastive (e.g., 'however'), and causal (e.g., 'because').
2. Using discourse markers effectively can greatly improve the clarity of spoken or written communication, helping the audience understand how ideas are connected.
3. In conversation, discourse markers can indicate pauses or changes in speaker turn-taking, making interactions smoother.
4. Discourse markers often help to manage the flow of information by signaling when new information is being introduced or when a summary is about to occur.
5. Different cultures may use various discourse markers, leading to potential misunderstandings if one is not familiar with the conventions of another language.

Review Questions

• How do discourse markers facilitate the management of given and new information in communication?
  • Discourse markers help clarify how new information connects to previously mentioned ideas, guiding the listener through the conversation. For example, when someone introduces new facts using markers like 'additionally' or 'on the other hand,' it becomes clear what information is building upon existing knowledge and what is contrasting it. This management makes it easier for listeners to follow along and understand the relationships between different pieces of information.
• Analyze the role of discourse markers in establishing topic-comment structure within sentences.
  • Discourse markers play a crucial role in organizing sentences according to topic-comment structure by clearly indicating what the subject is about and providing additional commentary. For instance, using a marker like 'as for' signals that what follows will be a specific comment on the topic previously mentioned. This helps listeners and readers distinguish between the main subject and additional details, enhancing clarity in communication.
• Evaluate how effective use of discourse markers contributes to overall coherence and cohesion in a discourse.
  • Effective use of discourse markers greatly enhances both coherence and cohesion by ensuring that the text flows logically and that relationships between ideas are clear. Markers act as signposts that guide the audience through the argument or narrative, making connections explicit and helping to maintain focus on key points. When used thoughtfully, they can prevent confusion, ensuring that readers or listeners easily grasp the intended message while also feeling engaged with the material.

Related terms

Cohesion: The grammatical and lexical linking within a text that creates a sense of flow and connection between sentences and ideas.

Coherence: The overall clarity and logical organization of a text, allowing the reader or listener to easily follow the intended message.

Transition Words: Specific words or phrases that act as bridges between ideas, indicating relationships such as addition, contrast, or cause and effect.