The term 'as a subject' refers to the role that non-finite verbs, such as infinitives, participles, and gerunds, can play in a sentence. When these non-finite forms act as subjects, they perform the function of the main actor in the sentence, similar to how a noun would. This feature is crucial for understanding how different verb forms can influence sentence structure and meaning.
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'As a subject' can be illustrated by the gerund phrase 'Swimming is fun,' where 'Swimming' acts as the subject of the sentence.
Infinitives can also serve as subjects; for example, 'To run is invigorating' shows 'To run' performing the subject role.
When non-finite verbs act as subjects, they may require specific verb forms in the predicate to ensure grammatical agreement.
In sentences where non-finite clauses serve as subjects, the main verb typically agrees in number with the action expressed by the non-finite form.
Understanding how to use non-finite clauses as subjects helps create more complex and varied sentence structures.
Review Questions
How do non-finite verbs like gerunds and infinitives function as subjects in sentences?
Non-finite verbs, including gerunds and infinitives, function as subjects by taking on the role of the main actor within the sentence structure. For example, in 'Running is enjoyable,' 'Running' (a gerund) acts as the subject. Similarly, in 'To learn is essential,' 'To learn' (an infinitive) serves as the subject. This ability allows for greater flexibility in expressing actions or states of being in various contexts.
Discuss how subject-verb agreement works when non-finite verbs are used as subjects.
When non-finite verbs serve as subjects, it’s important to ensure that the main verb agrees in number with the action expressed by the non-finite form. For instance, if a gerund phrase like 'Swimming and diving' is used as a subject, it takes a singular verb: 'Swimming and diving is fun.' In contrast, if you use 'Swimming and diving are fun,' the plural form reflects both actions. This shows that understanding the number of non-finite subjects is essential for correct agreement.
Evaluate how using non-finite clauses as subjects enhances sentence variety and complexity.
Using non-finite clauses as subjects significantly enhances sentence variety and complexity by allowing writers to convey actions and ideas more fluidly. For example, instead of saying 'It is important to exercise,' one might say 'Exercising regularly is important.' This shift not only makes the sentence more engaging but also allows for more nuanced expressions of thought. Moreover, incorporating non-finite subjects encourages experimentation with sentence structures, making writing more dynamic and interesting.
Related terms
Infinitive: The base form of a verb, often preceded by 'to,' that can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentence.
Gerund: A verb form ending in '-ing' that functions as a noun in a sentence.
Participle: A verb form that can function as an adjective or part of a compound verb tense.