key term - Hallstein Doctrine

Definition

The Hallstein Doctrine was a policy established by West Germany during the 1950s, which stated that the Federal Republic of Germany would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any country that recognized East Germany. This doctrine was a reflection of West Germany's commitment to reunification and its stance against the legitimacy of the German Democratic Republic.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Hallstein Doctrine was named after Walter Hallstein, who was West Germany's first Foreign Minister and played a key role in formulating this policy.
2. Under this doctrine, West Germany viewed itself as the sole legitimate government of all Germans, refusing recognition to East Germany and its diplomatic engagements.
3. The policy created significant tensions between East and West Germany and influenced West Germany's foreign relations throughout the Cold War.
4. The Hallstein Doctrine effectively isolated East Germany diplomatically until the late 1970s, when some countries began to engage with the GDR despite West Germany's objections.
5. The doctrine was gradually abandoned in the 1970s as West Germany pursued a policy of Ostpolitik under Chancellor Willy Brandt, which aimed at improving relations with Eastern Europe.

Review Questions

• How did the Hallstein Doctrine reflect West Germany's approach to its foreign policy during the Cold War?
  • The Hallstein Doctrine demonstrated West Germany's commitment to viewing itself as the legitimate government of all Germans while rejecting any acknowledgment of East Germany. This approach reinforced West Germany's political identity during the Cold War, emphasizing a divide between capitalist West and communist East. By refusing diplomatic relations with any country recognizing East Germany, West Germany sought to isolate the GDR and promote its own legitimacy on the global stage.
• Evaluate the impact of the Hallstein Doctrine on diplomatic relations between East and West Germany and their respective allies.
  • The Hallstein Doctrine had a profound impact on diplomatic relations by creating a clear divide between East and West Germany. It limited East Germany’s ability to gain international recognition and support, thereby reinforcing its isolation. This policy also strained relationships between West Germany and countries that recognized the GDR, leading to significant geopolitical tensions during the Cold War era.
• Assess how changes in global politics influenced the eventual abandonment of the Hallstein Doctrine in favor of Ostpolitik.
  • As global politics evolved during the late 1970s, factors such as détente between superpowers and growing economic interdependence prompted West Germany to reconsider its rigid stance under the Hallstein Doctrine. The rise of Ostpolitik under Chancellor Willy Brandt marked a strategic shift towards engagement with Eastern Bloc countries. This change reflected a broader understanding that improved relations could foster stability in Europe and facilitate eventual reunification, aligning with changing dynamics in international relations at the time.

Related terms

German Democratic Republic (GDR): The GDR, commonly known as East Germany, was a socialist state established in 1949, existing until reunification in 1990, and was heavily influenced by the Soviet Union.

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG): The FRG, known as West Germany, was established in 1949 as a democratic state aligned with the West and remained separate from East Germany until their reunification in 1990.

Reunification: The process that led to the merging of East and West Germany in 1990, ending decades of division following World War II and the Cold War.