English Parliament

Definition

The English Parliament is a legislative body that evolved during the Middle Ages and consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Initially, it was created to advise the king, but over time it became a crucial institution that represented the interests of different social classes and contributed to the development of constitutional monarchy and national governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The English Parliament originated in the 13th century, initially as a council of nobles advising the king but evolved into a key institution for governance.
2. The development of Parliament was influenced by events like the signing of the Magna Carta, which limited royal authority and empowered nobles to challenge the king's decisions.
3. By the late 14th century, the House of Commons emerged as a powerful political force, representing commoners and demanding greater influence over taxation and legislation.
4. The English Civil War in the 17th century marked a significant turning point, as Parliament challenged the absolute rule of King Charles I, leading to changes in governance and parliamentary authority.
5. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 solidified the power of Parliament by establishing constitutional monarchy, ensuring that sovereignty resided with Parliament rather than the monarchy.

Review Questions

• How did the English Parliament evolve from its origins to become a key player in governance?
  • The English Parliament evolved from an advisory council for the king to a significant legislative body due to historical events like the signing of the Magna Carta, which began to limit royal power. Over time, particularly with the rise of the House of Commons, it began representing broader interests beyond just nobles, allowing it to gain more authority in legislative matters. This shift was solidified through conflicts such as the English Civil War, where Parliament asserted its role against royal absolutism.
• Discuss the impact of the English Civil War on the relationship between Parliament and the monarchy.
  • The English Civil War fundamentally changed the dynamics between Parliament and the monarchy. It was a conflict fueled by disputes over power and governance, culminating in King Charles I's execution and establishing a period where Parliament held significant authority. This conflict challenged traditional notions of monarchy and paved the way for parliamentary supremacy, emphasizing that governance could no longer be solely at the discretion of one individual.
• Evaluate how the establishment of constitutional monarchy in England influenced modern democratic principles worldwide.
  • The establishment of constitutional monarchy in England served as a model for modern democratic systems around the world by demonstrating how governance can balance power between elected representatives and a hereditary monarch. This development promoted key democratic principles such as rule of law, accountability, and individual rights, influencing other nations during revolutions and movements for self-governance. The English model inspired various constitutions and reforms globally, showcasing how representative government can function effectively while respecting traditions.

Related terms

Magna Carta:

A charter signed in 1215 that limited the power of the king and laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy by establishing principles like due process and the rule of law.

House of Commons: The lower house of Parliament, made up of elected representatives, which gained significant power in legislative processes and is crucial for representing the common people.

Constitutional Monarchy: A system of governance where the monarch's powers are limited by law or a constitution, with Parliament playing a vital role in legislative authority.