key term - Cardinal

Definition

A cardinal is a high-ranking official in the Catholic Church, appointed by the pope, who serves as a member of the College of Cardinals. This role is crucial within the structure and organization of the medieval Church, as cardinals advise the pope, participate in the election of a new pope, and oversee various administrative functions. Their influence extends beyond local churches, impacting broader ecclesiastical and political matters during the medieval period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cardinals are appointed by the pope and are typically bishops or archbishops with significant experience and influence in the Church.
2. During the medieval period, cardinals played a vital role in church politics, often acting as intermediaries between the pope and secular rulers.
3. The number of cardinals has varied over time, but their selection process has generally involved both merit and political considerations.
4. Cardinals wear distinctive red attire to symbolize their willingness to defend the faith, even to the point of martyrdom.
5. In addition to electing popes, cardinals manage important church congregations and councils that deal with various theological and administrative issues.

Review Questions

• How do cardinals contribute to the governance and administration of the Catholic Church?
  • Cardinals contribute to the governance of the Catholic Church by advising the pope on various matters, overseeing church administration, and managing specific congregations. They are also responsible for ensuring that church policies align with theological principles. Their collective decisions can significantly influence church operations at local, national, and international levels.
• Discuss the relationship between cardinals and secular rulers during the medieval period.
  • During the medieval period, cardinals often held substantial power not just within the Church but also in relation to secular rulers. Many cardinals were influential figures in politics, acting as advisors to kings or participating in diplomatic missions. This relationship was complex, as it required balancing spiritual authority with temporal power, which could lead to conflicts or alliances that shaped both church and state affairs.
• Evaluate the impact of cardinal appointments on Church politics and societal structures during medieval times.
  • The appointment of cardinals significantly influenced Church politics and societal structures during medieval times. Cardinals often came from noble families or had connections to powerful political figures, which meant that their appointments could alter the balance of power within both ecclesiastical and secular realms. This interconnectedness allowed cardinals to wield considerable influence over societal norms and values, as their decisions affected not only religious practices but also laws and governance in various regions.

Related terms

Pope:

The pope is the supreme spiritual leader of the Catholic Church and is considered the bishop of Rome, having authority over all cardinals and bishops.

Diocese: A diocese is a district under the pastoral care of a bishop in the Christian Church, often consisting of multiple parishes.

College of Cardinals: The College of Cardinals is the body of all cardinals in the Catholic Church, responsible for electing a new pope and advising him on significant matters.