Middle English Literature

Definition

Middle English literature refers to the body of written works produced in England during the period from approximately 1150 to 1500. This era marks a significant transition from Old English to a more recognizable form of English, showcasing a rich tapestry of poetry, prose, and drama influenced by various historical, social, and cultural changes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Middle English literature emerged following the Norman Conquest, which brought significant French influence into the English language and culture.
2. The period saw the rise of different literary forms, including romances, morality plays, and allegorical narratives, reflecting the values and beliefs of medieval society.
3. Chaucer's 'The Canterbury Tales' is one of the most important works from this time, featuring a diverse group of characters who share their stories while on a pilgrimage.
4. Other notable works from Middle English literature include 'Piers Plowman' by William Langland and 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,' both highlighting different aspects of medieval life.
5. The use of rhymed verse became more common during this time, leading to greater experimentation with poetic forms and styles.

Review Questions

• How did Middle English literature reflect the social and cultural changes in England during its time?
  • Middle English literature captured the evolving landscape of England during a period marked by significant social and cultural changes. The influence of the Norman Conquest introduced new ideas and languages, which enriched English literature. Works like 'The Canterbury Tales' highlight various social classes and occupations, showcasing the complexity of medieval life and the interplay between religion, morality, and everyday experiences.
• What role did Geoffrey Chaucer play in shaping Middle English literature, particularly through his work in 'The Canterbury Tales'?
  • Geoffrey Chaucer played a pivotal role in shaping Middle English literature by using vernacular language to make literature accessible to a broader audience. In 'The Canterbury Tales,' he skillfully crafted diverse characters from different social backgrounds, each sharing their unique stories that reflected the values, humor, and conflicts of medieval society. Chaucer's innovative use of narrative structure and character development set a precedent for future writers and established him as a central figure in English literary history.
• Evaluate how Middle English literature laid the groundwork for later literary movements and genres in England.
  • Middle English literature laid crucial groundwork for future literary movements by establishing themes, structures, and character archetypes that would be revisited and evolved in later periods. The exploration of individual experiences and moral questions found in works like Chaucer's tales paved the way for Renaissance literature's focus on humanism. Additionally, poetic innovations during this time influenced subsequent literary forms such as sonnets and dramas in the Early Modern period, demonstrating how Middle English texts contributed to the evolution of English literature as a whole.

Related terms

Chaucer: Geoffrey Chaucer is often considered the father of English literature and is best known for his work 'The Canterbury Tales,' which offers a vivid portrayal of medieval society.

Alliterative Revival: A movement in Middle English poetry characterized by the use of alliteration as a principal structural device, often seen in works like 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.'

Mystery Plays: Dramatic performances that were popular during the Middle Ages, depicting biblical stories and events, often performed by guilds or communities as part of religious festivals.