Spero

Definition

The Latin verb 'spero' means 'to hope' or 'to expect.' This verb is a key representative of the first conjugation, which typically features verbs ending in '-are' in their infinitive form. Understanding 'spero' helps illuminate the characteristics of the first conjugation, as it demonstrates how these verbs are formed and conjugated in various tenses and contexts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Spero' belongs to the first conjugation of Latin verbs, which is identifiable by the '-are' ending in its infinitive form: 'sperare.'
2. When conjugated, 'spero' changes based on person and number, for instance, 'spero' (I hope), 'speras' (you hope), and 'sperat' (he/she/it hopes).
3. 'Spero' can be used in various tenses such as present ('spero'), imperfect ('sperabam'), and future ('sperabo').
4. In sentences that convey hope or expectation, 'spero' is often followed by a complementary clause introduced by 'ut,' indicating what is hoped for.
5. The word 'spero' is often used in literary and poetic contexts in Latin, reflecting themes of aspiration and longing.

Review Questions

• How does understanding the verb 'spero' enhance your grasp of first conjugation verbs?
  • 'Spero' is a prime example of a first conjugation verb, which provides insight into how these verbs are structured and conjugated. By studying 'spero,' you can see how the first conjugation operates with its characteristic '-are' endings. Understanding this verb also helps in recognizing patterns in conjugation that can be applied to other first conjugation verbs you will encounter.
• Discuss the significance of the subjunctive mood in relation to the usage of 'spero' in Latin.
  • 'Spero' can often be placed within sentences that utilize the subjunctive mood to express wishes or hopes. For instance, one might say 'Spero ut veniat,' which means 'I hope that he/she comes.' The use of the subjunctive here indicates a desired outcome that has not yet occurred. Thus, mastering 'spero' and its relation to the subjunctive allows for more nuanced expressions of desire or expectation in Latin.
• Evaluate the role of 'spero' within Latin literature and its impact on themes related to aspiration and longing.
  • 'Spero' plays a crucial role in Latin literature as it encapsulates themes of hope and aspiration that resonate throughout many texts. Authors often employ this verb to express characters’ desires or to set the tone for their emotional journeys. By analyzing instances where 'spero' appears, one can assess how it shapes narrative arcs and character motivations, revealing deeper insights into human experiences as reflected in ancient Roman culture.

Related terms

Conjugation:

The process of changing a verb form to indicate tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, or number.

Infinitive:

The base form of a verb, typically ending in '-are,' '-ere,' or '-ire,' that expresses the action without specifying the subject.

Subjunctive:

A mood used to express wishes, doubts, or hypothetical situations, often seen in Latin in sentences that involve hope or uncertainty.