Hematoma

Definition

A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, usually resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel. It typically occurs when blood leaks into the surrounding tissue, forming a swelling that can vary in size and color. This term connects to medical terminology through its roots, illustrating the relationship between language and medicine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hematomas can occur anywhere in the body, but are most commonly seen in areas such as the head, arms, and legs following injury.
2. They can be classified as subdural (under the dura mater of the brain), epidural (between the skull and dura mater), or other types depending on their location.
3. The symptoms of a hematoma include swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin, which may change over time as the body reabsorbs the leaked blood.
4. Treatment may involve rest, ice application, or surgical drainage if the hematoma is large or causing significant pressure on surrounding structures.
5. Chronic hematomas may occur without trauma and can be associated with conditions like coagulopathies, where the blood's ability to clot is impaired.

Review Questions

• How does a hematoma form and what are its potential effects on surrounding tissues?
  • A hematoma forms when a blood vessel is damaged, allowing blood to escape into surrounding tissues. This accumulation can create pressure on nearby structures, potentially leading to pain and impaired function of those areas. As the hematoma expands or if it causes significant pressure on nerves or organs, it can lead to more serious complications requiring medical intervention.
• Discuss the different types of hematomas and their clinical significance.
  • Hematomas can be classified into various types based on their location in the body. For instance, subdural hematomas occur under the dura mater of the brain and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Epidural hematomas arise between the skull and dura mater, often due to head injuries, and require immediate medical attention. Understanding these types helps clinicians determine appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Evaluate the implications of untreated chronic hematomas in patients with coagulopathy conditions.
  • Untreated chronic hematomas in patients with coagulopathy can lead to significant complications such as recurrent bleeding episodes, infection risk due to tissue breakdown, and prolonged recovery times. These patients may struggle with managing bleeding due to their underlying conditions, necessitating regular monitoring and possibly surgical intervention. The management of chronic hematomas thus becomes critical in improving patient outcomes and preventing further health issues.

Related terms

hematology: The branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.

hemorrhage: The escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, which can lead to a hematoma if the bleeding is localized.

bruise: A common term for contusion, which is a type of hematoma occurring under the skin due to trauma, resulting in discoloration.