Ramesses II

Definition

Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning from 1279 to 1213 BCE. He is often regarded as one of Egypt's most powerful and celebrated rulers, known for his military conquests, monumental architecture, and extensive building projects that marked a high point in the New Kingdom's imperial expansion and cultural zenith.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ramesses II ruled for 66 years, making him one of the longest-reigning pharaohs in Egyptian history.
2. He led numerous military campaigns, most notably against the Hittites, and claimed victory at the Battle of Kadesh despite the battle being a tactical stalemate.
3. Ramesses II was known for his prolific building projects, including temples, statues, and cities that demonstrated the wealth and power of Egypt during his reign.
4. He signed one of the world's first recorded peace treaties with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh, solidifying diplomatic relations between the two powers.
5. Ramesses II was also a prolific father, fathering over 100 children with various wives and concubines, further solidifying his legacy.

Review Questions

• What were some of the key military accomplishments of Ramesses II during his reign?
  • Ramesses II is renowned for his military prowess, particularly during the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites. Although the battle ended in a stalemate, he portrayed it as a great victory through extensive propaganda. His military campaigns helped to secure Egypt's borders and expand its influence in the region, making him a celebrated figure in Egyptian history.
• How did Ramesses II contribute to Egypt's architectural legacy during the New Kingdom?
  • Ramesses II's reign was marked by a remarkable architectural boom. He commissioned numerous monumental structures, including temples like Abu Simbel and grand statues that celebrated his rule and honored the gods. These projects not only demonstrated the artistic capabilities of ancient Egyptians but also served to enhance his legacy as a builder and a god-king.
• Evaluate the significance of Ramesses II's peace treaty with the Hittites in terms of its impact on international relations in ancient times.
  • The peace treaty signed by Ramesses II with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh is historically significant as it represents one of the earliest examples of diplomatic resolution between two great powers. This treaty not only ended hostilities but also established long-term diplomatic relations that fostered trade and cooperation. It set a precedent for future treaties and negotiations among nations, highlighting how powerful leaders could leverage diplomacy to maintain stability and peace in their regions.

Related terms

Hittites: An ancient Anatolian people who were known for their conflicts with Egypt, particularly during the reign of Ramesses II, culminating in the famous Battle of Kadesh.

Abu Simbel: A massive temple complex built by Ramesses II in southern Egypt, showcasing his architectural ambition and dedication to the gods.

The Battle of Kadesh: A significant battle fought between Ramesses II and the Hittite king Muwatalli II, which is one of the earliest battles recorded in history.