key term - Pendentive

Definition

A pendentive is a concave triangular section of masonry that transitions the space between a square room and a dome. This architectural innovation allows for the placement of a dome over a square base, which is a hallmark of Byzantine architecture, showcasing the blend of geometric precision and aesthetic beauty that defines this style.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pendentives were crucial for Byzantine architects, allowing for the construction of large domes on square buildings, which created an expansive interior space.
2. The use of pendentives can be seen prominently in the Hagia Sophia, where they support the massive dome and enhance the overall structural integrity.
3. By allowing a smooth transition from square to round forms, pendentives represented an important evolution in architectural techniques during the Byzantine period.
4. Pendentives not only provided structural support but also allowed for decorative elements like mosaics to flourish in the spaces created beneath the dome.
5. The innovation of the pendentive influenced later architectural styles, demonstrating its significance in the development of both religious and civic buildings.

Review Questions

• How do pendentives contribute to the structural integrity of domes in Byzantine architecture?
  • Pendentives play a crucial role in supporting domes by providing a stable transition from the square base to the round form of the dome. They effectively distribute the weight of the dome down into the corners of the supporting walls, allowing for larger and more aesthetically pleasing dome structures. This architectural feature enabled Byzantine builders to achieve monumental interiors that were both impressive and functional.
• In what ways did the incorporation of pendentives reflect the artistic goals of Byzantine architecture?
  • The incorporation of pendentives in Byzantine architecture reflected artistic goals by allowing for larger, grander domes that symbolized divine presence and brought light into sacred spaces. This innovation not only enhanced the visual impact of structures like churches but also facilitated elaborate decorative schemes such as mosaics. The interplay between structure and ornamentation exemplified Byzantine artistry's aim to create transcendent environments that inspired worship.
• Evaluate how pendentives influenced architectural developments beyond the Byzantine period and their significance in later styles.
  • Pendentives had a lasting influence on architectural developments beyond the Byzantine period by providing techniques for integrating domes into various building designs. This innovation was adopted during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, leading to magnificent structures such as St. Peter's Basilica. The significance of pendentives lies not only in their structural utility but also in their ability to inspire architects to explore new forms and spatial relationships, ultimately shaping the evolution of Western architecture.

Related terms

dome:

A dome is a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, often seen in Byzantine architecture as a prominent feature symbolizing heaven.

arch: An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, fundamental in Roman and Byzantine architecture for distributing forces.

basilica:

A basilica is a rectangular building with a central nave and aisles, often used in Christian architecture, which may incorporate domes and pendentives in its design.