🏺early world civilizations review

key term - Machu Picchu

Definition

Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan citadel located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction and stunning panoramic views. Built in the 15th century, it serves as a testament to the architectural and engineering prowess of the Inca civilization and its connection to the broader themes of Mesoamerican and Andean art and architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Machu Picchu was rediscovered by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911, bringing global attention to this remarkable site.
  2. The site is believed to have served as a royal estate or religious retreat, with various temples, terraces, and residential areas designed for both functional and ceremonial purposes.
  3. Machu Picchu is constructed using a technique known as ashlar, where stones are cut to fit together without mortar, allowing them to withstand earthquakes.
  4. The layout of Machu Picchu demonstrates a deep understanding of astronomy; certain structures align with astronomical events like solstices.
  5. Today, Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of tourists each year, highlighting its significance as a cultural icon.

Review Questions

  • How does Machu Picchu reflect the architectural innovations of the Inca Empire?
    • Machu Picchu exemplifies the architectural innovations of the Inca Empire through its advanced construction techniques and strategic design. The use of dry-stone construction with precisely cut stones showcases their skill in engineering, allowing the structures to endure seismic activity. Additionally, the layout incorporates terracing for agriculture and impressive drainage systems to manage rainfall, reflecting the Incas' ingenuity in adapting to their environment.
  • Discuss the significance of Machu Picchu in understanding Incan culture and spirituality.
    • Machu Picchu holds significant cultural and spiritual importance as it was likely a royal estate or sacred site for the Inca civilization. The presence of temples dedicated to deities and astronomical alignments indicates that it played a vital role in their religious practices. Understanding its purpose helps us appreciate how the Incas viewed their relationship with nature and the cosmos, making Machu Picchu an essential piece in deciphering Incan beliefs and societal structure.
  • Evaluate the impact of Hiram Bingham's discovery of Machu Picchu on global perceptions of Inca civilization.
    • Hiram Bingham's discovery of Machu Picchu in 1911 had a profound impact on global perceptions of Inca civilization by bringing attention to its architectural sophistication and historical significance. His findings sparked interest in Andean cultures and challenged prevailing notions about Indigenous societies being primitive. This increased recognition contributed to a broader understanding of pre-Columbian civilizations' achievements, influencing archaeological practices and tourism, while also raising questions about heritage preservation and cultural representation.

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