key term - Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Definition

Eastern Orthodox Christianity is one of the three main branches of Christianity, characterized by its adherence to the traditions and teachings of the early Church, particularly the Seven Ecumenical Councils. It emphasizes the importance of liturgy, sacraments, and the continuity of faith stemming from the Byzantine Empire, which played a significant role in preserving Roman traditions in the East, especially after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eastern Orthodox Christianity originated from the split between Western Christianity and Eastern Orthodox Christianity known as the Great Schism in 1054.
2. The Eastern Orthodox Church is organized into a group of autocephalous (independent) churches, each led by its own bishop or patriarch.
3. It places a strong emphasis on the sacraments, especially baptism and the Eucharist, viewing them as means of grace essential for salvation.
4. The use of icons in worship is central to Eastern Orthodox practice, serving as a window to the divine and a focus for prayer.
5. Eastern Orthodox Christians celebrate their liturgical calendar with rich traditions, including fasting periods such as Great Lent leading up to Easter.

Review Questions

• How did Eastern Orthodox Christianity preserve Roman traditions after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
  • After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Eastern Orthodox Christianity became a vital force in preserving Roman traditions through its continuity in theology, liturgy, and governance. The Byzantine Empire served as a cultural and religious bastion that maintained ancient Roman practices and incorporated them into Christian life. This preservation was evident in the establishment of ecclesiastical structures that mirrored Roman governance and in maintaining a rich liturgical tradition that emphasized continuity with earlier Christian practices.
• What role did Ecumenical Councils play in shaping Eastern Orthodox doctrine and its separation from Western Christianity?
  • Ecumenical Councils were pivotal in shaping Eastern Orthodox doctrine by addressing theological disputes and defining key beliefs that differentiated it from Western Christianity. These councils established foundational doctrines, such as the nature of Christ and the role of Mary, which were accepted in Eastern Orthodoxy but often viewed differently in Western churches. The decisions made at these councils contributed to doctrinal rifts that culminated in the Great Schism, solidifying the identity of Eastern Orthodoxy as distinct from Roman Catholicism.
• Evaluate how the cultural practices within Eastern Orthodox Christianity reflect its historical context and influence on societies under its jurisdiction.
  • The cultural practices within Eastern Orthodox Christianity reflect its historical context by showcasing a blend of religious beliefs with local customs throughout regions like Russia, Greece, and the Balkans. The Church's strong ties with local monarchies allowed it to influence art, music, and architecture, creating distinctive styles like Byzantine art characterized by its use of icons. This integration often reinforced social cohesion within communities, providing a framework for cultural identity while responding to external influences such as Mongol rule. Thus, Eastern Orthodoxy not only shaped religious life but also contributed to broader cultural developments across its territories.

Related terms

Byzantine Empire:

The continuation of the Roman Empire in the East after the fall of Rome, known for its rich cultural and religious heritage and as a center for Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Ecumenical Councils: Assemblies of church leaders convened to discuss and settle matters of doctrine and practice in early Christianity, crucial for establishing Eastern Orthodox beliefs.

Icons: Religious images used in Eastern Orthodox worship that are considered sacred, playing a significant role in devotion and liturgical practices.