Michael Gottfredson

Definition

Michael Gottfredson is a prominent criminologist known for his contributions to control theories and his work on the nature of criminal behavior. His approach emphasizes the role of self-control as a critical factor influencing an individual's propensity to engage in crime. Gottfredson, along with Travis Hirschi, developed the General Theory of Crime, which posits that low self-control, combined with opportunities for crime, leads to higher likelihoods of criminal behavior.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gottfredson's work highlights that self-control is established early in life and tends to remain stable over time.
2. The General Theory of Crime argues that low self-control is a major predictor of criminal behavior across different contexts and types of crime.
3. Gottfredson and Hirschi suggest that effective parenting plays a crucial role in developing self-control in children.
4. Their theory asserts that people with low self-control are more likely to take risks and seek immediate gratification, making them more susceptible to criminal activities.
5. Gottfredson's research emphasizes that the opportunity for crime is essential; without it, even individuals with low self-control may not engage in criminal acts.

Review Questions

• How does Michael Gottfredson's concept of self-control relate to an individual's likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior?
  • Michael Gottfredson emphasizes that self-control is a foundational element influencing whether individuals engage in criminal behavior. According to his theory, those with lower levels of self-control are more prone to impulsive actions and seeking immediate gratification, which increases their chances of committing crimes. Thus, enhancing self-control through effective parenting and socialization can reduce crime rates.
• Discuss how the General Theory of Crime integrates concepts from control theories to explain criminal behavior.
  • The General Theory of Crime integrates control theories by positing that low self-control is a primary factor behind why individuals commit crimes. It suggests that criminality occurs when opportunities for crime intersect with individuals who lack sufficient self-control. This approach shifts focus from external factors like societal influence to an individual's internal traits, providing a nuanced understanding of crime causation.
• Evaluate the implications of Gottfredson's findings on policy-making related to crime prevention and intervention strategies.
  • Gottfredson's findings have significant implications for policy-making in crime prevention and intervention strategies. By highlighting the importance of developing self-control from an early age, policies can focus on enhancing parenting practices and community programs aimed at improving child development. This proactive approach could help reduce crime rates over time by addressing the root causes rather than merely responding to criminal acts after they occur.

Related terms

Self-Control: The ability of an individual to regulate their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the face of temptations and impulses.

General Theory of Crime: A theory that explains criminal behavior through the lens of self-control, suggesting that individuals with low self-control are more likely to commit crimes when they encounter opportunities.

Routine Activities Theory: A theory that focuses on the circumstances under which criminal acts occur, emphasizing the roles of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and lack of capable guardians.