Explanatory variables, also known as independent variables, are the variables in a study that are manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe their effect on the outcome or dependent variable. They are the variables that are hypothesized to influence or predict the values of the dependent variable.
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Explanatory variables are the variables that researchers manipulate or control in order to observe their effect on the dependent variable.
Proper selection and control of explanatory variables is crucial in experimental design to ensure the validity and reliability of the study findings.
Explanatory variables can be categorical (e.g., treatment vs. control group) or continuous (e.g., dosage of a medication).
Researchers must consider potential confounding variables that may influence the relationship between the explanatory and dependent variables.
The choice of explanatory variables is guided by the research question and the underlying theoretical framework of the study.
Review Questions
Explain the role of explanatory variables in experimental design and how they differ from dependent variables.
Explanatory variables, also known as independent variables, are the variables that researchers manipulate or control in an experiment to observe their effect on the outcome or dependent variable. They are the variables that are hypothesized to influence the values of the dependent variable. In contrast, the dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed and is expected to be influenced by the explanatory variable(s). The careful selection and control of explanatory variables is crucial in experimental design to ensure the validity and reliability of the study findings.
Describe the importance of considering potential confounding variables when working with explanatory variables in a study.
Confounding variables are variables that are not the focus of the study but may influence the relationship between the explanatory and dependent variables, potentially leading to biased results. When conducting a study, researchers must carefully consider potential confounding variables and either control for them or account for their influence in the analysis. Failing to address confounding variables can undermine the internal validity of the study and lead to incorrect conclusions about the relationship between the explanatory and dependent variables.
Evaluate how the choice of explanatory variables in a study is guided by the research question and the underlying theoretical framework.
The choice of explanatory variables in a study is directly informed by the research question and the theoretical framework that guides the investigation. Researchers must select explanatory variables that are relevant and meaningful in the context of the study's objectives and the existing body of knowledge. The theoretical framework provides the conceptual foundation for understanding the relationships between the explanatory variables, dependent variables, and any potential confounding factors. By aligning the selection of explanatory variables with the research question and theoretical underpinnings, researchers can ensure that the study design is robust and the findings are interpretable within the broader context of the field.
The variable that is measured or observed and is expected to be influenced by the explanatory variable(s) in a study.
Confounding Variable: A variable that is not the focus of the study but may influence the relationship between the explanatory and dependent variables, potentially leading to biased results.
The plan for how a study will be conducted, including the selection of participants, the manipulation of explanatory variables, and the measurement of dependent variables.