Problem-Solving

Definition

Problem-solving is the cognitive process of identifying a challenge or obstacle and systematically working through potential solutions to resolve it. This process involves critical thinking, creativity, and the application of knowledge, which connects to various aspects of how we think, learn, and make decisions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Problem-solving can be categorized into two main types: well-defined problems with clear solutions and ill-defined problems that require more creative thinking.
2. Effective problem-solving often relies on working memory to hold and manipulate information as potential solutions are evaluated.
3. People's approach to problem-solving can be influenced by their intelligence, prior experiences, and even emotional states.
4. Cognitive modeling helps researchers understand how individuals approach problem-solving by simulating thought processes and behaviors.
5. Mindfulness practices can enhance problem-solving abilities by improving focus, reducing stress, and fostering a clearer perspective on challenges.

Review Questions

• How do heuristics play a role in the problem-solving process?
  • Heuristics are mental shortcuts that help streamline the problem-solving process by allowing individuals to make quick decisions without exhaustive analysis. They can facilitate faster conclusions, especially when dealing with complex situations. However, reliance on heuristics can sometimes lead to biases or errors in judgment, impacting the effectiveness of the solution reached.
• In what ways does working memory contribute to effective problem-solving?
  • Working memory is essential for effective problem-solving as it enables individuals to hold multiple pieces of information simultaneously while they analyze potential solutions. This cognitive resource allows for the manipulation of data and integration of new information as one evaluates different strategies. Limitations in working memory capacity can hinder one's ability to solve complex problems efficiently.
• Evaluate the significance of insight in enhancing creative problem-solving skills and how it differs from algorithmic approaches.
  • Insight plays a critical role in creative problem-solving as it represents a moment of clarity where an individual suddenly grasps the solution to a challenge. This contrasts with algorithmic approaches, which rely on systematic procedures to reach a solution. The spontaneity of insight can lead to innovative solutions that may not be accessible through traditional methods, highlighting the importance of both creativity and structured thinking in effective problem-solving.

Related terms

Heuristics:

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making and problem-solving by reducing the complexity of information.

Algorithm:

A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem that guarantees a solution if followed correctly.

Insight:

A sudden realization or understanding of a problem's solution that often occurs after a period of contemplation or incubation.