Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Definition

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee that is established to review and approve research involving human participants, ensuring that their rights and welfare are protected. This board evaluates the ethical aspects of proposed research studies, including informed consent and risk assessment, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining ethical standards in cognitive research.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. IRBs are required by federal regulations in many countries, including the United States, to oversee research involving human subjects.
2. An IRB typically includes a diverse group of individuals, such as scientists, ethicists, and community members, to provide a range of perspectives on the proposed research.
3. The IRB evaluates research proposals based on criteria such as potential risks to participants, the importance of the knowledge to be gained, and whether the benefits outweigh those risks.
4. Researchers must submit their proposals to the IRB before starting their studies; failure to obtain IRB approval can lead to significant consequences for the research team.
5. IRBs also monitor ongoing research projects to ensure compliance with ethical standards throughout the duration of the study.

Review Questions

• How does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) contribute to ethical research practices in cognitive psychology?
  • An Institutional Review Board (IRB) plays a critical role in ensuring ethical research practices by reviewing study proposals for potential risks to human participants. By assessing factors like informed consent and the risk-benefit ratio, the IRB helps researchers adhere to ethical guidelines that protect participants' rights and welfare. This oversight not only safeguards individuals but also enhances the credibility of cognitive psychology research as a whole.
• Discuss the process an IRB follows when reviewing a research proposal and how this impacts researchers.
  • When reviewing a research proposal, an IRB examines several key elements such as participant recruitment methods, informed consent procedures, and risk assessments. The board may request modifications or additional information before granting approval. This process impacts researchers by ensuring that their studies meet ethical standards before they can proceed. It also encourages researchers to think critically about their methodologies and participant safety from the outset.
• Evaluate the implications of not having an IRB for cognitive research involving human subjects.
  • The absence of an IRB in cognitive research could lead to significant ethical violations, such as inadequate protection of participants' rights or welfare. Without this oversight, researchers may overlook important considerations like informed consent and risk management. This could result in harmful consequences for participants and undermine public trust in psychological research. Moreover, unethical practices can lead to retractions or legal consequences for researchers, ultimately hindering scientific progress.

Related terms

Informed Consent: A process by which researchers ensure that participants understand the nature of the study, the risks involved, and their right to withdraw at any time.

Ethical Guidelines: A set of principles that guide researchers in conducting studies responsibly and ethically, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

Human Subjects Research: Research that involves human participants and requires careful ethical consideration to protect their rights and well-being.