International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Definition

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a key human rights treaty adopted by the United Nations in 1965, aiming to eliminate racial discrimination and promote equality among all individuals. The convention obligates its signatory states to take immediate and effective measures to eliminate racial discrimination in all forms and to promote understanding among all races. This treaty serves as a foundation for various international efforts aimed at combating racism and promoting civil rights globally.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ICERD was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 21, 1965, and came into force in January 1969.
2. The convention has been ratified by over 180 countries, making it one of the most widely accepted human rights treaties.
3. Article 1 of ICERD defines racial discrimination and outlines states' obligations to prevent and eliminate it.
4. States that ratify ICERD must submit periodic reports to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on their progress in implementing the convention's provisions.
5. The convention also establishes mechanisms for individuals and groups to seek redress for violations related to racial discrimination.

Review Questions

• How does ICERD define racial discrimination and what obligations does it impose on signatory states?
  • ICERD defines racial discrimination as any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin that impairs the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Signatory states are obligated to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to ensure equality before the law for all individuals. They must take effective measures to prevent discrimination and promote understanding among different races.
• Discuss the significance of ICERD in promoting civil rights and combating racism at a global level.
  • ICERD plays a crucial role in promoting civil rights by establishing a comprehensive legal framework for addressing racial discrimination. It provides an international standard against which countries can be held accountable for their treatment of racial and ethnic minorities. By obligating states to take action against racism and facilitating dialogue among nations, ICERD fosters a global commitment to uphold human dignity and equality, making it an essential tool for combating racism worldwide.
• Evaluate the impact of ICERD's reporting mechanisms on state accountability regarding racial discrimination.
  • The reporting mechanisms established by ICERD significantly enhance state accountability by requiring countries to regularly submit detailed reports on their efforts to implement the convention's provisions. This process allows the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to monitor compliance, assess progress, and identify areas needing improvement. Furthermore, it encourages public engagement and awareness about racial issues within each country, fostering a culture of accountability that promotes greater respect for civil rights and informs policy changes.

Related terms

Racism:

A belief that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities, leading to the assumption that some races are inherently superior or inferior to others.

Civil Rights: The rights of individuals to receive equal treatment under the law, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, or other characteristics.

Discrimination:

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, often based on race, gender, age, or disability.