key term - Alienation

Definition

Alienation is a complex feeling of disconnection and estrangement from one’s self, society, or the surrounding world. It often arises from experiences of isolation or a lack of belonging, manifesting in literature as characters struggling with their identities, societal roles, and personal relationships.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In 'Frankenstein', the creature's alienation stems from rejection by society and his creator, which highlights themes of loneliness and the desire for acceptance.
2. World War I brought about widespread feelings of alienation among writers and soldiers, as they grappled with the horrors of war and a shattered sense of normalcy.
3. Modernist literature often reflects psychological theories that address alienation, with characters experiencing fragmented identities and disrupted relationships.
4. Stream of consciousness techniques allow readers to experience characters' inner thoughts, revealing their feelings of alienation and internal conflict.
5. Post-war literature frequently explores existential themes, with characters questioning their place in a world that feels increasingly disconnected and devoid of meaning.

Review Questions

• How does the theme of alienation manifest in 'Frankenstein', and what impact does it have on the creature's development?
  • In 'Frankenstein', alienation is central to the creature's character arc. After being created, he faces immediate rejection from Victor Frankenstein and society due to his appearance. This leads to profound loneliness and despair, shaping his quest for understanding and companionship. The creature’s alienation drives him towards vengeance against his creator, illustrating how isolation can have destructive consequences.
• Analyze how the experiences of World War I influenced literary portrayals of alienation in the works produced during that time.
  • The devastation of World War I resulted in a collective sense of disillusionment among writers and artists, as traditional values were challenged. Many literary works from this era depict characters who feel alienated from society due to the trauma they experienced on the battlefield. This alienation reflects a broader cultural crisis, as individuals struggled to find meaning in a world marred by conflict and chaos.
• Evaluate the role of existentialism in modernist literature concerning themes of alienation and identity.
  • Existentialism significantly shapes modernist literature by emphasizing themes of alienation and identity crises. Characters often confront absurdities in their existence, leading to feelings of estrangement from themselves and society. This philosophical perspective invites readers to consider deep questions about personal agency, meaning, and connection in a rapidly changing world, ultimately reflecting the complexities of human experience in a fragmented reality.

Related terms

Isolation:

The state of being separated from others, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection.

Existentialism: A philosophical movement that explores themes of existence, freedom, and the meaning of life, often highlighting feelings of alienation in the modern world.

Disillusionment:

The feeling of disappointment that arises when reality does not meet expectations, often leading to a sense of alienation from societal norms and beliefs.