Saxons

Definition

The Saxons were a Germanic tribe that played a significant role in the history of England, particularly during the early medieval period. They were among the groups that invaded and settled in England following the Roman withdrawal, establishing several kingdoms and contributing to the cultural and political landscape of Anglo-Saxon England.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Saxons, originally from what is now Germany and Denmark, began settling in England around the 5th century AD after the fall of Roman rule.
2. They were instrumental in establishing several kingdoms, with Wessex eventually becoming the dominant power during the later stages of the Anglo-Saxon period.
3. Saxon culture was marked by a strong emphasis on oral tradition, as many stories, including epic poems like 'Beowulf,' were passed down through generations before being written down.
4. The Saxons contributed significantly to the development of early English law and governance, with their legal codes influencing future English law.
5. Christianity spread among the Saxons through missionaries such as Augustine of Canterbury in the late 6th century, which led to significant cultural changes.

Review Questions

• How did the Saxons influence the political structure of early medieval England?
  • The Saxons significantly influenced the political structure of early medieval England by establishing several kingdoms that formed the basis of political organization during this period. Their system of governance included local councils known as witen, where nobles would advise kings on important matters. This participatory approach laid the groundwork for future governance and legal structures in England.
• Discuss the impact of Saxon culture on English literature and language during their rule.
  • Saxon culture had a profound impact on English literature and language, particularly through their oral storytelling traditions. The use of Old English emerged as a literary language during this time, leading to works such as 'Beowulf,' which reflects both their heroic ideals and values. The integration of their language with Latin and other influences contributed to the evolution of Modern English.
• Evaluate the significance of Saxon Christianity in shaping medieval English society and culture.
  • Saxon Christianity was pivotal in shaping medieval English society and culture by introducing new religious practices, educational systems, and moral frameworks. The conversion efforts led by missionaries established churches and monasteries that became centers for learning and preservation of texts. This shift not only influenced social norms but also helped integrate Saxon society into broader European Christendom, impacting art, architecture, and governance.

Related terms

Anglo-Saxon: The collective term for the people and culture of England from the time of the Saxon invasions until the Norman Conquest, encompassing various tribes including the Saxons, Angles, and Jutes.

Heptarchy:

A term used to describe the seven main kingdoms established in England by the Anglo-Saxons during the early medieval period: Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex.

Witan: An assembly of nobles and clergy in Anglo-Saxon England that advised the king and made decisions regarding laws, military matters, and other important state issues.