Samuel Johnson

Definition

Samuel Johnson was an influential 18th-century English writer and lexicographer, best known for his contributions to literature, criticism, and dictionary-making. He is most recognized for his work 'A Dictionary of the English Language,' which significantly shaped the modern English lexicon and helped establish standard English usage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Samuel Johnson's 'A Dictionary of the English Language,' published in 1755, was one of the first comprehensive dictionaries, taking over nine years to complete and containing over 40,000 entries.
2. Johnson's writing style combined wit, clarity, and depth, making his essays widely read and respected during his time.
3. He was a significant figure in the literary world of the 18th century, influencing many writers and critics with his insightful commentary on literature and society.
4. Johnson struggled with personal challenges, including bouts of depression and anxiety, but remained a prominent intellectual figure throughout his life.
5. His friendship with James Boswell led to the creation of 'The Life of Samuel Johnson,' a biography that provided an intimate look at Johnson's thoughts, character, and literary contributions.

Review Questions

• How did Samuel Johnson's work as a lexicographer impact the English language and its development?
  • Samuel Johnson's 'A Dictionary of the English Language' played a crucial role in standardizing English vocabulary and usage during the 18th century. By providing clear definitions and examples, Johnson set a precedent for future dictionaries and helped unify the language at a time when English was still evolving. His dictionary not only enriched the language but also reflected contemporary social and cultural norms.
• In what ways did Johnson's essays in 'The Rambler' contribute to his reputation as a moralist and critic?
  • In 'The Rambler,' Samuel Johnson explored moral philosophy and social issues through a series of essays that combined personal reflection with critical analysis. These essays showcased his ability to engage with complex themes while maintaining accessibility for readers. His keen observations on human nature and society solidified his reputation as a moralist, influencing both his contemporaries and future generations of writers.
• Evaluate the significance of Samuel Johnson’s influence on both metaphysical poetry and later literary movements in England.
  • Samuel Johnson's engagement with metaphysical poetry can be seen in his criticism and appreciation for poets like John Donne. His analytical approach laid the groundwork for understanding complex poetic forms that combined intellectual depth with emotional intensity. Furthermore, his literary theories and reflections helped shape subsequent movements such as Romanticism by emphasizing the importance of personal experience, emotion, and individual expression in literature.

Related terms

Lexicography: The practice of compiling dictionaries and the study of how dictionaries are created and structured.

The Rambler: A series of essays written by Samuel Johnson published between 1750 and 1752, reflecting on moral and philosophical themes.

Metaphysical Poetry: A style of poetry that emerged in the 17th century, characterized by its use of elaborate metaphors and philosophical themes, with notable poets like John Donne influencing Johnson's literary circle.